Plant Productions

The impact of conventional, sustainable, and organic farming systems on grain yield and energy use efficiency in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)

Aram Gorooei; Amir Aaynehband; Afraseyab Rahnama

Volume 47, Issue 2 , August 2024, , Pages 179-193

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32356.1871

Abstract

Background and objectiveConsidering the limited natural resources and the negative effects of inappropriate use of these resources on both human health and environment, addressing the ... Read More Background and objectiveConsidering the limited natural resources and the negative effects of inappropriate use of these resources on both human health and environment, addressing the patterns of energy consumption remains vital (Baran and Gokdogan, 2017; Ozkan et al, 2004). Materials and methodsThis study was conducted at the research farm of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in the summer of 2018. Experimental design was split-plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Main plots consisted of agriculture production systems; intensive (all inputs e.g., fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides were chemical), sustainable (a combination of organic and intensive methods were used to manage this farming system), and organic (in this farming system, all inputs were organic and biological, no chemical fertilizers were applied. control of weeds was done mechanically). Sub plots consisted of three crops; corn (cereal), mung bean (legume) and sesame (oil seed). In this study, energy efficiency indices were calculated by measuring the energy equivalent of all inputs and outputs. ResultsResults showed that the highest and lowest grain yields for corn, mung bean and sesame were obtained in the intensive and organic systems, respectively. The lowest (1.18) and highest (3.69) energy use efficiencies were belonged to intensive sesame and organic corn, respectively. The highest amount of energy consumed (34396 MJha-1) was observed in intensive corn and the lowest with the value of 8247 MJ ha-1 was belonged to the organic mung bean. Additionally, intensive corn presented the highest (94045 MJ) output energy. On the other hand, organic mung bean showed the lowest value of the output energy (15279 MJ). Intensive corn and organic sesame had the highest and lowest amounts of net energy indices with the values of 59649 and 7032, respectively. Although corn yield in the organic system was nearly 30 percent lower than in the intensive system, energy consumption for organic corn was 50 percent lower than for intensive cornConclusionTo design an appropriate agroecosystem, it is necessary to consider a collection of agroecological indices e.g., energy use efficiency, net energy, energy utilization index, special energy, as well as crop production history and agricultural culture (human resource productivity index, agrochemical energy, greenhouse gas emission) to find a balance between both factors based on each region.

Assessment of the Role of Low Irrigation and Change in Plant Density on Water Use Efficiency and Yield and Yield Components of Maize (S.C 704)

Haleh Badvan; Mojtaba Alavi Fazel

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 271-282

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30499.1797

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionWater is the first and the most important limitation in increasing agricultural production. Topical root dryness is a new method of low irrigation, which improves ... Read More AbstractIntroductionWater is the first and the most important limitation in increasing agricultural production. Topical root dryness is a new method of low irrigation, which improves the water utilization efficiency, without significantly reducing the yield of the plant. Maize is a plant that is very sensitive to plant densities, and if the density is low, then the factors of exploitation are not optimized. On the other hand, excessive plant density causes flower sterility and reduced grain yield. Therefore, this experiment aims to investigate the role of low irrigation and plant density changes on the water use efficiency and grain yield components of corn. Materials and MethodsThe experiment design was implemented as a split plot design in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots Include: 1- full furrow irrigation (control), 2- furrow irrigation in the form of a fixed and 3-variable furrow irrigation. Sub plots include different planting densities: 65,000, 75,000, and 85,000 plants per hectare. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that different low irrigation methods had significant effects on ear tick length, number of seeds per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield, harvest index and water use efficiency. Differences among plant densities in terms of ear tick length, number of seeds per ear, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, biological yield and water use efficiency were significant. The highest grain yield was observed in full irrigation (6858 kg ha-1) and at a density of 85,000 plants per hectare (6159 kg ha-1). The highest water consumption efficiency was obtained in irrigation as variables (17.33%) and at 85,000 plants per hectare (15.52%). Single plant yield decreased at 85 thousand plants, but this deficit was compensated by increasing plant number per unit area and grain yield increased. Single plant yield increased by 65 thousand plants. But because of the less plant per unit area, its yield decreased. Grain yield increased by about 14% in irrigation of one side of the variable compared with one in the constant. Changes in performance components are expected to trigger these changes. With increasing plant density per unit area, water use efficiency also increased, which is due to more cover and less shade and evaporation from the ground. Plant density per unit area also affects water use efficiency by reducing evaporation and increasing the share of transpiration that results in high yield. Water use efficiency in treatments with intermittent furrow irrigation was higher than constant furrow irrigation. ConclusionThe full furrow irrigation (control) method was able to obtain the highest yield and grain yield components. As a result, in one irrigation in between fixed and variable, 25 and 12% reduction in yield was observed compared to full irrigation, respectively.

Effects of drought stress and soil compaction on some agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays L.)

A. Afarinesh; G. Fathi; R. Chugan; S.A. Syadat; Kh. Alamisaid; S.R. Ashrafizadeh

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11250

Abstract

In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were ... Read More In order to study the effect of drought stress and soil compaction on corn growth an experiment was carried out in 2012 at Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center. The treatments were arranged in split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 704 single cross hybrid corn. Drought stress was considered as the main plot at 4 levels (irrigation after 75, 95, 115 and 135 mm evaporation from A pan), and soil compaction was as the subplot at 4 levels (no traffic congestion, mild with four times, the average density with 8 times and the intensity density with 12 times of tractor traffic). Based on the results, the drought and soil compaction stresses affected many of the traits. The effects of drought and soil compaction were statistically significant on stem diameter, root deep, number of brace roots per plant, root and shoot dry weight, harvest index, number of ear bearing plants at harvest and grain yield characteristics. The effect of soil compaction stress was significant on root dry weight and reduced it. Only the effect of drought stress was significant on chlorophyll and protein characteristics. Brace roots growth in soil compaction stress conditions was stimulated and was higher than drought conditions. But grain yield was not affected by increasing the number of brace roots. Increase in soil compaction prevented root growth to depth. Conversely, the drought stress cause increased root growth to depth. Stresses weakened maize stem diameter with constant process. The constant processes were observed in reduction of shoot and grain yield dry weight by application of stresses. The drought stress more than soil compaction can affect chlorophyll and protein content of grain. This indicates the important role of water in the field. Drought stress was able to reduce the harvest index, but soil compaction in the most severe condition can reduce it. Both stresses reduced the number of ear bearing plants.

Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Manganese on the Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea may L.) Cultivars Under Water Deficit Stress

M GH; A S; G A; M.A A

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 41-54

Abstract

In order to study the effects foliar application of Zn and Mn of deficit irrigation at vegetative and reproductive growth stages of two corn cultivars, including SC-301 and SC-400, ... Read More

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on LER, Yield and Yield Components of Peanut and Two Corn Hybrids in Intercropping System

H D; E F

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 69-80

Abstract

Mixed cropping is one of the most important principles of sustainable and organic agriculture. Intercropping of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) is the most successful ... Read More

Sink-source Relationship of Corn at Different Plant Densities and Nitrogen Levels in Mamasani Conditions, Fars Province

n n; h f; e a; a y

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 1-10

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to study the effect of plant densities and nitrogen levels on yield and sink-source limitation of corn at Mamasani, Fars Province. The factors of the experiment ... Read More

Effect of planting dates on the yield of three new corn hybrids in northern Khuzestan

A G; M B; F F

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 55-69

Abstract

In order to investigate the effect of planting dates on the yield of three new corn hybrids, an experiment was carried out during the summer of 2003 in Safiabad Agricultural Research ... Read More

Articles in Press

Current Issue

Volume 47 (2024)

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Corn

The impact of conventional, sustainable, and organic farming systems on grain yield and energy use efficiency in sesame (Sesamum indicum L.), mung bean (Vigna radiate L.) and maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Assessment of the Role of Low Irrigation and Change in Plant Density on Water Use Efficiency and Yield and Yield Components of Maize (S.C 704)

Abstract

Effects of drought stress and soil compaction on some agronomic traits of maize (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc and Manganese on the Yield and Yield Components of Maize (Zea may L.) Cultivars Under Water Deficit Stress

Abstract

Effect of Different Planting Patterns on LER, Yield and Yield Components of Peanut and Two Corn Hybrids in Intercropping System

Abstract

Sink-source Relationship of Corn at Different Plant Densities and Nitrogen Levels in Mamasani Conditions, Fars Province

Abstract

Effect of planting dates on the yield of three new corn hybrids in northern Khuzestan

Abstract