Plant Productions - Articles List

Effects of different levels of humic acid and limitation in irrigation on the growth and functional characteristics of the medicinal plant Lallemantia iberica L.

Masoud Fattahi; Akbar Saljoghi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 23 October 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47380.2190

Abstract

IntroductionHumic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which increasing cell membrane permeability, increasing photosynthesis and respiration rates, enhancing mineral ... Read More IntroductionHumic acid is a principal component of humic substances, which increasing cell membrane permeability, increasing photosynthesis and respiration rates, enhancing mineral uptake and enhancing protein synthesis. The effects of Humic acid on the physiological and photosynthetic characteristics of plants under drought stress have been, including the growth parameters, osmotic regulation, antioxidase activity (such as the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase) and photosynthesis parameters. Also, drought stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses that adversely influences the growth and production of crops and disturbs plant water relationships, reducing leaf size, root growth and root multiplication. Plants exhibit various physiological and biochemical responses to drought stress at cellular and whole organism levels. The results of some study indicated that the appropriate concentration of humic acid could effectively alleviate the damage of drought stress on plants.Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of drought stress on germination characteristics, as well as the effect of different levels of humic acid and water deficit on some characteristics of the medicinal plant of lallemantia, two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, the characteristics of germination of lallemantia under the influence of five levels of drought stress including 0 potential, -0.4, -0.8, -1.2 and -1.6 MPa in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 replications in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture Shahrekord University was evaluated. In the second experiment, in order to investigate the different levels of humic acid and water deficit stress on some characteristics of the lallemantia, a field experiment was conducted in the form of a split plot in the form of a completely randomized block design in three replications. The treatments included four irrigation levels of 50, 70, 90 and 110 mm evaporation, from the evaporation pan surface as the main factor and four humic acid levels of 0, 5, 10 and 15 liters per hectare as secondary factors.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the percentage and speed of germination and fresh weight of lallemantia seedlings decreased due to drought stress levels and the root length increased. Also, in the results of the field experiment, it was observed that the number of flowers, inflorescences, seeds per plant, seed yield, and the amount of biomass were affected by the simple effects of drought stress and humic acid treatments, and drought stress decreased them, while the use of humic acid increased them. As a result of drought stress, the percentage of mucilage increased and the yield of essential oil decreased. Also, the use of humic acid increased the yield of essential oil compared to the control. In general, the use of humic acid, especially at a concentration of 15 liters per hectare, increased the seed yield and the medicinal properties of the lallemantia plant. In general, the use of humic acid, especially at a concentration of 15 liters per hectare, increased the seed yield and the medicinal properties of the lallemantia plant.Conclusionhumic acid is an alicyclic ring, and a hydrophilic group, such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, or a carbonyl group is bonded to enhance the water retention of the plant. Humic acid can be used directly on plants at low concentrations to enhance plant growth, yield and nutrient uptake, thus constituting a popular category of plant biostimulants. Our findings further illustrated that humic acid can relieve the damage of drought stress because humic acid also has the effect of stabilizing the plasma membrane system by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and participating in cell osmotic regulation. Our findings may help to elucidate of the effects of humic acid on lallemantia plant under drought stress and provide substantial guidance for the use of humic acid in agricultural production.

The effect of sodium nitroprusside and triacontanol on the morphological and phytochemical characteristics of Moldavian balm (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) in the full bloom stage

Saeideh Alizadeh Salteh; Samaneh Khalaf Khani; Parinaz Ferdowsi Qebchaq

Volume 48, Issue 1 , April 2025, , Pages 141-155

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44445.2116

Abstract

IntroductionSodium nitroprusside (SNP) and triacontanol (Tria), as plant growth regulators, enhance plant growth and development and influence the production of secondary metabolites. ... Read More IntroductionSodium nitroprusside (SNP) and triacontanol (Tria), as plant growth regulators, enhance plant growth and development and influence the production of secondary metabolites. Triacontanol specifically plays a key role in regulating various biochemical and physiological processes, including photosynthesis. This leads to increased growth, yield, and product quality, as well as improvement in active compounds in medicinal and aromatic plants under normal or stressful conditions. Triacontanol can exert this effect alone or in interaction with other hormones and plant growth regulators. Sodium nitroprusside is recognized as a plant growth regulator, acting as a mediator to perform its regulatory role. It is commonly used as a nitric oxide-releasing compound in plants, which, in solution, is light-sensitive, and its decomposition is accelerated by oxygen and high temperatures. Nitric oxide itself is considered a reactive nitrogen species that can act as a signaling molecule, mediating adaptive responses to biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Furthermore, it functions as an antioxidant, scavenging free radicals and eliminating them. Dracocephalum moldavica L., commonly known as Moldavian balm, is an annual, aromatic herb from the mint family (Lamiaceae). Native to Central Asia and domesticated in Central and Eastern Europe, it holds significant economic and medicinal value. This study investigates the effects of SNP and Tria on the morphological changes, as well as, quantitative and qualitative performance of secondary metabolites, especially the essential oil yield of D. moldavica. Materials and MethodsThis research was conducted as a factorial experiment using a completely randomized design with three replications at the Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University. The experimental factors included foliar application of three concentrations each of sodium nitroprusside (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) and tricanthanol (0, 0.5 and 1 mM) during the flowering stage. The evaluated traits included growth parameters (leaf area and number of lateral branches), shoot yield (fresh and dry weight), essential oil yield and percentage, biochemical characteristics (soluble solids, protein, flavonoid and total phenol content) and nutrient content (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sodium) at the full bloom stage.Results and DiscussionThe results demonstrated significant effects of SNP and Tria interactions on leaf area and the number of lateral branches. SNP at 1 mM notably increased shoot fresh and dry weight. Different concentrations of Tria significantly influenced total soluble solids. Foliar applications of SNP and Tria significantly improved leaf tissue nutrient content, with the highest increases observed at 1 mM. Additionally, treatments with SNP and Tria, individually and in combination, significantly increased phenol, flavonoid and total soluble protein contents. The combination of 1mM SNP and 1mM Tria led to increases of 62.93 %, 51.24 %, and 34.92% in phenol, flavonoid, and protein content, respectively, compared to the control. The same treatment also increased the essential oil yield by 207% compared to the control treatment.ConclusionThe study underscore the significant impact of appropriate concentrations of sodium nitroprusside and triacantanol on the growth and yield of Moldavian Balm. Among all treatments, 1mM triacantanol combined with 1mM sodium nitroprusside was identified as the optimal treatment, offering substantial improvements in growth parameters, phytochemical content, and essential oil yield.

Evaluating the effect of organic fertilizer in different crop densities on agromorphological characteristics and essential oil yield of Thymus daenensis Celak in rainfed conditions.

Hoshang Rahmati; Hooshmand Safari

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 323-336

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46887.2167

Abstract

IntroductionThyme, a plant with valuable metabolites, has been using in the food, pharmaceutical and health industries due to its medicinal properties. Identifying the agricultural ... Read More IntroductionThyme, a plant with valuable metabolites, has been using in the food, pharmaceutical and health industries due to its medicinal properties. Identifying the agricultural factors affecting the quantitative and qualitative changes of medicinal plants is crucial for increment quality and more production. The use of chemical fertilizers has been caused many environmental problems; therefore, it is important to use organic fertilizers in different density patterns of cultivation in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers to achieve sustainable agriculture. Materials and methodsThis research was carried out as a split-plot design in the form of a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications in rainfed conditions in the Mahidasht research station of Kermanshah province during the two crop years 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The main factor included three levels (20 tons per hectare Caw manure, enriched straw at the rate of 10 tons per hectare and no fertilizer application) along with agricultural soil without applying fertilizer, and the sub factor was three densities (4, 6 and 8 plants per square meter). The three plants were randomly selected from each plot, plant height (cm), number of branches per plant, and canopy diameter (cm) were measured. In the flowering stage, plants of one square meter were harvested from each plot and the wet and dry weights were measured in grams per square meter. Also, the dry weight of leaves and stems was measured in grams per plant for each plot, which, leaf to stem ratio was calculated for each plot by dividing leaf to stem weight. The essential oil of 20 grams of dried leaves were extracted using a Clevenger apparatus, and the percentage of essential oil was determined for each plot, and finally, according to the dry leaf yield per square meter, the amount of essential oil yield of aerial parts of the plant per square meter was calculated. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed that different fertilizers and different levels of density had a significant effect on all traits, but the interaction of fertilizer × density had a significant effect only on the traits of percentage and yield of essential oil. According to the mean comparison by Duncan's method, fertilizer increased the growth of thyme. All the vegetative characteristics of the plant were affected by the use of fertilizer. However, animal manure was the best among the two types of fertilizers used. On the other hand, with the increase in density, the plant height increased, but the number of branches in the plant and the canopy diameter showed a decreasing trend. in contrast to these two characteristics, the wet and dry yield of the plant was lower in low and high density than in medium density. A different trend was observed for the essential oil percentage and yield. The essential oil percentage increased by 17.53% by reducing the density from 8 plants to 4 plants. Interstingly, the yield of essential oil showed a decrease of 5.42%. The results of principal components analysis of the traits in different agricultural conditions showed that 94.3% of the variance was expressed based on the first two components, and the bi-plot of the two components confirmed the results of mean comparison. ConclusionAccording to the final goal of this research, which was to determine the best density, in terms of using manure and enriched straw to achieve the desired result in the cultivation of rainfed thyme, therefore, based on the grouping of the two-factor interaction and principal components analysis, it was observed that the use of manure at the rate of 20 tons per hectare with density cultivation of 6 plants per square meter is the most suitable treatment for the cultivation of thyme in the rainfed conditions of Kermanshah province. Therefore, it can be recommended for the cultivation of this species in the rainy conditions of Kermanshah province.

Study of the Relationship Between Morphological and Phytochemical Traits of Summer Savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Accessions

Roghayeh Fathi; Mehdi Mohebodini; esmaeil chamani

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 305-319

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32495.1874

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionSummer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is used as a spice and traditional herb in Iran. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, ... Read More AbstractIntroductionSummer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) belonging to the Lamiaceae family, is used as a spice and traditional herb in Iran. This plant has shown antispasmodic, antidiarrheal, antioxidant, sedative and antimicrobial activities. The basic requirement for plant breeding programs is a germplasm diversity that provides necessary facilities for breeding species with desirable features. Therefore, accurate identification of genotypes is considered as a prerequisite in this manner. Phenotypic characteristics are the first markers that have been used for diversity researches. Materials and MethodsIn this research, 20 accessions of S. hortensis were chosen from Iran, Bulgaria, Germany, Czech, Georgia, Syria, Hungary, Poland, Italy and Uzbekistan. Some morphological and phytochemical characteristics such as internode number, shoot number, number of days to germination, collar diameter, fresh weight of aerial part, bract fresh weight, flower number, peduncle length, 1000-seeds weight, flower fresh and dry weight and essential oil components were studied. The measurements began after the 50% of flowering stage. Results and DiscussionBased on the results of morphological studies, internode number (11.03), shoot number (18.58), 1000-seeds weight (925.97 mg) high variable Uzbekistan accessions were best in this traits. Maximum flower number (26.34) and flower fresh weight (26.14 mg) were obtained from Bulgaria accession. Essential oil amount was higher in Karaj accession. Correlation coefficients among traits showed that fresh weight of aerial part had the highest correlation with flower fresh weight (0.97). Cluster analysis based on Euclidean distance divided the accessions into four major groups in which the third and fourth groups had valuable characteristics. The Bulgaria accession had the highest ɣ-Terpinene and Borneol. The Karaj accession was the best in carvacrol and delta-3-carene content. Clustering from essential oil component assigned accessions into five clusters. It can be suggested that there is a considerable genetic variation among S. hortensis accessions. The main purpose of this study was to determine genetic diversity among S. hortensis accessions from Iran and other parts of the world. Significant differences were found among the accessions in almost every parameter measured. The range of vegetative and flower values obtained in this study was more than those reported in previous researches about S. hortensis. With increasing shoot and leaf number, Iran appears to be the main place to trap sunlight for photosynthesis and consequently provides the condition to produce flowers, seeds and secondary metabolites. Thus, Uzbekistan and Bulgaria accessions having high values of leaf and flower can also be considered for cultivation and breeding programs. ConclusionIn this study, agro-morphological and essential oil properties of S. hortensis accessions originated from Iran and some Asian and European countries were evaluated. The study revealed a high level of diversity in morphological and phytochemical traits among S. hortensis accessions. This needs a breeding approach during the domestication process to obtain homogenous cultivars with suitable agricultural properties. Keywords: Cluster analysis, Essential oil, Genetic diversity

The Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide and Nanoparticles Zinc Oxide on Some Growth Characteristics and Elemental Concentration of Rosemary under NaCl Salinity

Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam; Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani; Tahereh Shamsi Khotab

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 421-432

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31067.1825

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionNowdays, one of the major environmental stresses challenging agricultural produce worldwide, is progressive soil salinity. The majority of the soils in the arid ... Read More AbstractIntroductionNowdays, one of the major environmental stresses challenging agricultural produce worldwide, is progressive soil salinity. The majority of the soils in the arid and semi-arid regions face salinity. This is a huge threat for agricultural sustainablitty. With salinity adding-up, plants growth and development greatly decline due to reduced osmotic potential, unbalanced nutrients available and the variations in the type and content of growth regulators which negatively influence the plant yield and productivity. Under salinity situations, using micronutrients plays a vital role in the tolerance of plant against ROS molecules. These nutrients motivate antioxidant enzymes and hence, improve plant responses to the ROS molecules generation. As a result, they improve the yield, quality and productivity of plants under stressful conditions. Materials and MethodsAn experiment was conducted to study the effects of NaCl salinity stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and Foliar application of common and Nono-form Zinc-oxide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) on Rosmarinus officinalis as factorial based on RCBD with three replications at 2017- 2018. Results and DiscussionThe results revealed the interaction effects of salinity levels and Zinc Foliar application on chlorophyll b content, N, P, K, Na and Zn content, leave relative water content as well as essential oil yield. The highest data for chlorophyll b was recorded with no stress × 10 mgL-1 Nono-zinc spray. Relative water content for both Zn forms (0, 5 and 10 mgL-1) was maximum with no salinity treatments. The greatest data for essential oil yield was traced with NaCl0 × 10 mgL-1 Nano-zinc and NaCl0× 10 mgL-1 Zinc Oxide. NaCl0× 5 mgL-1 Nano-Zinc increased K+content in plant. For Zn compositional content, the highest data was recorded with no-salinity × 5 and 10 mgL-1of Nano-Zinc as well as with no-salinity × 10 mg L-1 of common zinc source. Aerial parts dry weight and Fe and Mg content were affected by independent effects of salinity and Foliar application of Zn. Aerial parts dry weight and Mg content increased at no salinity stress and 50 mM salinity. Chlorophyll a and Fe content were influenced by the non salinity levels. Foliar application with 0 and 10 mg L-1nano-Zn increased Mg content in plants. Salinity is one of the predominant stressors influencing the plants throughout all their life cycle. The results revealed that salinity drastically influenced rosemary dry weight, photosynthetic pigments content, as well as Mn, Cu, and Fe content. Zn Foliar application improved aerial parts fresh weight and the content of Mg, Cu, and Fe. In general, rosmary is salinity tolerant up to 50 mM without significant reduction in yield component. Therefore, the Foliar application of Nano-Zinc as Oxide form improved yield and growth characteristics. ConclusionSalinity drastically influenced the growth and physiological responses of the plants. Using Foliar treatments was able to partially ameliorate the salinity adverse effects and, promoted the growth and productivity of rosemary. However, economical administration of Foliar treatments needs more in-depth studies.

Effect of Some Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Morphological and Biochemical Factors of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.)

S. Mafakheri

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 27-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19128.1378

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Any improvement in agricultural system that results in higher production should reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture and enhance ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Any improvement in agricultural system that results in higher production should reduce the negative environmental impact of agriculture and enhance the sustainability of the system. Seaweed extracts (SWE) are known to cause many beneficial effects on plants as they contain growth promoting hormones, trace elements, vitamins and amino acids. Humic acid plays a vital role in soil fertility and its application increases the plant growth and nutrient uptake. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of SWE, humic acid and chemical fertilizers on the morphological and biochemical characteristics of Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Material and methods The experiment was carried out in 2016 at the Agricultural Research Greenhouse at Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design with four treatments including: SWE, humic acid, chemical fertilizers and control and 7 replications. The pots were filled with 5kg of farm soil, which was evenly mixed with recommended level of chemical fertilizers (N; 0.08, P; 0.06 and K; 0.1 g/kg soil) for chemical fertilizer treatment. Seeds were sown at a depth of 1.5 cm in each pot. Seedlings were thinned to five plants per pot 10 days after emergence. In 4 leaves, appearance stage, SWE and humic acid treatments were applied as a foliar spray every 14 days, for three times before harvesting. Growth parameters were measured in correct time. The biochemical constituent pigments such as chlorophylls and carotenoids and also total ascorbic acid in leaf were estimated in control and treated plants using standard methods. Dried seeds of Fenugreekwere subjected to hydro distillation for 3h using a Clevenger-type apparatus to produce oil and essential oil percentage was measured. Results In relation to the mean comparisons, the maximum shoot length and the highest number of pods per plant was obtained in plants receiving SWE and NPK. Maximum plant fresh and dry weights were observed in plants received SWE. All fertilizer treatments increased the number of seeds per pod but there were no significant differences between the treatments. The highest chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll contents, total carotenoids, ascorbic aicd and essential oil percent were obtained in plants that received SWE. Discussion Foliar application of seaweed extract fertilizer on fenugreek plants significantly increased all the examined growth parameters of the plants compared to the control. These results agree with previous studies where growth and plant vigor of dill, coriander and fenugreek plants were enhanced by seaweed extracted treatment. Seaweed extracts create equilibrium in growth as a result of the present auxins which will increase vitamins and hormones produced in the treated plants. Results showed that treatments had a significant effect on total chlorophyll, chlorophyll 'a' and 'b', total carotenoids and essential oil content of fenugreek. Seaweed extracts contain cytokinins as well which induce the physiological activities and increase the total chlorophyll, carotenoids and ascorbic acid in the plant.

Chemical Composition Essential Oil of Hors Mint (Mentha longifolia) as a Rich Source of Pulegone From Five Wild Habitats of Fars Province

p a; m m; j v; a gh; gh d

Volume 39, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 87-100

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12435

Abstract

Background and Objectives Horse Mint (Mentha longifolia synMentha sylvestris) is a valuable medicinal and aromatic plant belonging to Lamiaceae family. This plant has been used traditionally ... Read More

The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield components and secondary metabolites of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

M.A. Kohanmoo; M. AghaAlikhani

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 99-112

Abstract

In order to determine the yield response, essential oil content and secondary metabolites of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to biological and chemical fertilizers a two-year field ... Read More

Comparing herbal yield, essential oil content and composition of anis hyssop (Agastache foeniculum Kuntze) in field and greenhouse conditions under drought stress

M M; R O

Volume 36, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 43-53

Abstract

Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum Kuntze) is a prennial herb plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. The Essential oil form this plant is used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetics ... Read More

The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and essential oil content of Ocimum basilicim l.

M. Zolfaghari; V. Nazeri; F. Sefidkon; F. Rejali

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 47-56

Abstract

The potential of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to enhance the production of essential oil and plant growth parameter was investigated in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum). The experiment ... Read More

The Effect of Different Drying Methods on Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Five Yarrow Species (Achillea)

A GH; M A

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

Drying method has an important role on medicinal plants production and affect quality of derived drugs. In order to study the different drying methods on some Achillea species, an experiment ... Read More

Volume 48 (2025)

Volume 47 (2024)

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Essential oil

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