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Combined effects of silicon aminochelate and phosphorus on photosynthetic indices and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Paros) in greenhouse soil culture

edris shabani; Shohreh Zivdar; Afrasiyab Rahnama Ghahfarokhi; Abbas Danaeifar; Mehran Davoudi Arshad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48281.2225

Abstract

Introduction Most of Iran's soils are calcareous soils. In these types of soils, the amount of phosphorus absorption decreases with the increase of soil pH. Phosphorus absorption ... Read More Introduction Most of Iran's soils are calcareous soils. In these types of soils, the amount of phosphorus absorption decreases with the increase of soil pH. Phosphorus absorption from the root surface happens quickly, and as a result, the area of 0.2-1 mm around the root becomes empty of phosphorus. An effective strategy to deal with phosphorus deficiency stress is the secretion of organic acid anions by plant roots. Current evidence shows that the application of silicon greatly increases the secretion of organic acids by the roots. According to the findings of the researchers, there is a positive correlation between the availability of silicon and the mobility of phosphorus in the plant. In addition, the external use of silicon also helps to increase the activation of phosphorus from mineral surfaces. Considering the lack of phosphorus resources in the world, the low mobility of phosphorus in the soil, the increase in its price and its excessive use, conducting studies related to phosphorus fertilizers in order to increase the absorption of phosphorus and fruit quality of greenhouse crops seems to be completely necessary. Materials and methods The experiment was conducted in the form of a split plot design and in the form of a basic randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The treatments of this experiment included different levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 7.5, 15 and 30 kg/ha, in the main plots) and three levels of silicon aminochelate spraying (0, 2 and 4 ml/L, in the secondary plots). The measurement of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was done using a spectrophotometer in mature leaves developed according to the method suggested by Arnon (1967). Phosphorus was also measured by colorimetric method. During the experiment, strawberry fruits from different treatments were harvested and counted. The weight of a single fruit was measured by a digital scale with an accuracy of 0.01 g. The total weight of the fruit in each plant was calculated and recorded from the sum of the weight of the harvested fruits during the growth period. The dry matter percentage of the fruit was calculated by dividing the dry weight of the sample by the fresh weight of the sample multiplied by 100 (Tabatabaei, 2013). During the experiment, fruits from different treatments were harvested and their length and diameter were measured by calipers and reported in centimeters. The firmness of the fruit tissue was measured by a firmness meter, and the pH and EC of the fruit extract were measured by a pH meter and an EC meter, respectively. Also, the percentage of TSS was measured by a refractometer. Result and Discussion The results of this experiment showed that the application of 15 kg/ha of phosphorus with a concentration of 2 ml/L of silicon aminochelate (P3Si2) had the highest amount of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll. The highest phosphorus concentration of the whole plant (0.98%) was obtained at the level of 15 kg/ha of phosphorus and the concentration of 2 ml/L of silicon aminochelate. Based on the results of average comparisons, the highest amount of total fruit weight (599.93 g) was observed in the treatment of 15 kg/ha of phosphorus and the level of 4 ml/L of silicon aminochelate (P3Si3), which had no significant difference with the P3Si2 treatment. P3Si2 and P3Si3 treatments compared to the control treatment (P1Si1) caused an increase of 67.62 and 68.33 percent of the total weight of strawberry fruits, respectively. The highest percentage of fruit dry matter (7.38%) was observed in the P3Si2 treatment, which had no significant difference with the P3Si3 treatment (6.97%). In many studies, an increase in chlorophyll and yield was observed after the application of foliar spraying with silicon. The use of silicon strongly increases the secretion of malate and citrate by the roots, and in this way, it helps to mobilize and absorb more phosphorus in conditions of its deficiency (Hu et al., 2021). Conclusion According to the results, it is recommended to use a concentration of 2 ml/L in silicon aminochelate and a level of 15 kg/ha of monopotassium phosphate to achieve maximum growth, yield and quality of strawberry fruits.

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Effect of bulk and nanoparticle chelates of iron, zinc, and boron on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in dryland farming: Enhancing grain yield

Davood Rahimi Monfared; Mohsen Saeidi; Saeid Jalali Honarmand

Volume 47, Issue 4 , January 2025, , Pages 561-579

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47290.2183

Abstract

Introduction Legumes are a vital source of plant-based food, second only to cereals. Among them, Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) holds significant importance, particularly in semi-arid ... Read More Introduction Legumes are a vital source of plant-based food, second only to cereals. Among them, Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) holds significant importance, particularly in semi-arid regions such as western Iran, where it is primarily cultivated under rainfed conditions. Chickpea is a valuable dietary component, particularly for low-income populations, as it is rich in protein (18-22%), unsaturated fatty acids (e.g. linoleic acid and oleic acid), and a good source of vitamins, such as riboflavin, niacin, thiamin, and folate (vitamin B9), and beta-carotene (a precursor of vitamin A) and minerals including calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and potassium. In terms of total grain production in rainfed environments, chickpea ranks as the third most cultivated crop in Iran. Kermanshah province, with approximately 141,000 hectares dedicated to chickpea farming, leads in cultivation area. Despite this, the average yield of rainfed chickpea fields in Iran (480 kg/ha) lags significantly behind the global average (1,057 kg/ha). This disparity is primarily attributed to limited soil moisture and a lack of bioavailable nutrients. This study investigates the potential of iron, zinc, and boron chelates applied in both bulk and nanoparticle forms – to enhance chickpea grain yield and address nutritional deficiencies under rainfed conditions. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted during the 2018-2019 growing season at the Agriculture and Natural Resources Campus of Razi University under rainfed conditions. A randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented. Fertilizer treatments were applied as foliar sprays in two growth stages: the beginning of vegetative growth and flowering. Treatments included bulk and nanoparticle chelates of iron, zinc, and boron at three concentrations (2, 4, and 8 g/l), their combinations and a control. Results and Discussion Soil analysis revealed deficiencies in bioavailable iron, zinc, and boron. The analysis of variance showed that both the type and concentration of fertilizers significantly affected grain yield and its components. All treatments, except boron fertilizer, caused a significant increase in grain yield compared to the control. The highest yield (814 kg/ha) was observed with the combined application of iron+zinc+boron at 8 g/l, resulting in 1,392 kg/ha grain yield and 3,287 kg/ha biomass. Other notable results included combinations of iron + zinc + boron (1,196 kg/ha), iron + zinc (1,108 kg / ha), and bulk zinc alone (1,053 kg/ha). Increasing fertilizer concentration positively influenced plant height, the number of pods per plant, grains per pod, total grains per plant, and 100-grain weight. Among all treatments, the concentration of 8 g/l consistently yielded the most significant improvements. While nanoparticle fertilizers performed well, bulk forms of iron and zinc proved equally, if not more, effective in enhancing grain yield. However, bulk fertilizers were superior in increasing plant height. Conclusion The study concludes that while both bulk and nanoparticle fertilizers of iron and zinc improve chickpea yield under rainfed conditions, nanoparticle fertilizers did not demonstrate a clear advantage over bulk forms. However, regarding plant height increase, bulk iron and zinc fertilizers were particularly effective. Considering reports of the higher efficiency of nanoparticles in irrigated environments, further research is necessary to determine conditions where nanoparticles may outperform bulk fertilizers in rainfed systems.

Effect of selenium, silicon and zeolite on yield and yield components and percentage of essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.) in Khosrowshahr region

Jalil Shafagh-Kolvanagh; Mohammad Bagher Tajkhalili; Ahmad Bybordi; Mina Amani

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 441-454

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.44762.2122

Abstract

Introduction Studies have shown that the use of some compounds whose importance is often neglected by researchers and farmers can have a significant effect on the growth and yield ... Read More Introduction Studies have shown that the use of some compounds whose importance is often neglected by researchers and farmers can have a significant effect on the growth and yield of plants and increase the amount of essential oil production in medicinal plants. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of Selenium and Silicon foliar application and zeolite soil application on the yield and components of seed yield and the percentage and yield essential oil of Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.). Materials and methods This experiment was carried out in the form of a split split plot (twice chopped) based on a randomized complete block design with three replications at the Khosrowshahr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in the 2019 crop year. The first factor included foliar spraying of calcium (zero and 4 gr/L) and the second factor included foliar spraying of selenium (zero and 4 gr/L) in the main and secondary plots, respectively, and the third factor was the application of zeolite (zero, 5 and 10 tons/ha) were placed in sub-sub-plots. In the full ripening stage, plants were harvested from one square meter of each plot and the dry matter of the whole plant, number of seeds per umbels, number of seeds per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, percentage and essential oil yield were measured. Results and Discussion The results showed that the seed yield increased with the application of these treatments, which resulted in an increase in the yield of fennel essential oil per unit area. Based on the results of the average data comparison, the use of all three compounds of zeolite, selenium and silicon caused a significant increase in the yield of fennel essential oil and increased this attribute by 24, 23.1, and 22.5 percent, respectively. Silicon and selenium increased the yield of essential oil by increasing the seed yield. In addition, zeolite had a positive effect on seed yield through the number of seeds, while silicon and selenium increased both characteristics of yield components, including 1000-seed weight and number of seeds. Conclusion Finally, the yield of fennel essential oil was affected by the use of zeolite, selenium and silicon. In most cases, all three compounds were effective on the evaluated traits, and therefore, it can be concluded that these three compounds were effective in increasing the yield and yield components of fennel with different mechanisms. Therefore, it can be concluded that these three compounds work through different mechanisms to enhance the yield and quality of fennel essential oil, positioning them as effective tools in sustainable agriculture and the optimization of medicinal plant production.

Effect of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit and oil under Ahvaz environmental conditions

Sh. Zivdar; K. Arzani; M.K. Souri; N. Moallemi; S.M. Seyyednejad

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 13-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11442

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, two ... Read More In order to evaluate the effects of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of three olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars, two split plot field experiments, arranged in complete block designs with three replications, were carried out through 2012–2013 in an orchard located in Ahvaz, Khuzestan province, Iran. Three olive cultivars (Mission, Coronaiki and Dezfuli) and three foliar applications of potassium sulfate (0, 1 and 2 g.L-1) were randomized in main plots and sub-plots respectively. The interaction effect between year and cultivar was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry weight of fruit pulp, stone weight , pulp: stone ratio, oil content (P≤0.01) and fresh weight of pulp (P≤0.05). Also, the interaction effect between year and foliar potassium application was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp (P≤0.01) and stone weight (P≤0.05). The interaction between cultivar and foliar application of potassium sulfate for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp was significant at 1% probability level. In addition, interaction effect between year, cultivar and foliar application of potassium sulfate was significant for fruit fresh weight, dry and fresh weight of fruit pulp, oil content of the fruit pulp (% D.W.) at 1% probability level, and other traits at 5% probability level. Thus, it can be concluded that annual variability in the growth environment had an important effect on the parameters studied in this experiment. Dezfuli cultivar had more oil content than other cultivars that could be due to genetic diversity among cultivars for using sources in enhancement oil content and also more compatibility with the environmental conditions in this area. Foliar application of potassium sulfate increased unsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids in Dezfuli and Coronaiki cultivars. The highest content of oleic acid and oleic acid: linoleic acid ratio (60.54 % and 8.38) was found in Coronaiki cultivar with foliar potassium application (2 g.L-1) and the lowest amount in Dezfuli cultivar with control treatment (48.90 % and 1.67). Therefore, year conditions as well as foliar application of potassium sulfate can have a positive impact on ftuit weight, percentage of olive oil and fatty acid composition.

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

M.S. Emadi; P. Hassibi; A.R. Azimi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing ... Read More

Quantity and quality improving of soybean yield by zinc and iron foliar application under drought stress

M. Jalili Sheshbahre; M. Movahhedi Dehnavi; S.M. Hashemi jazi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 111-122

Abstract

In order to study the effect of foliar application of zinc and iron on yield quantity and quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) under drought stress, an experiment was carried out as ... Read More

Effect of Nitrogen, Boron and Zinc Sprays on Fruit Set, Yield and Quality of Date Fruit (cv Sayer)

h d; E R; A M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 12-22

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of foliar application of nitrogen, boron and zinc on yield and quality of date fruit (cv Sayer), an experiment was carried out in randomized ... Read More

Effect of Soil Fertilizing Methods on Some Forage Quality and Yield Characterestics of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Under Greenhouse Conditions

E F; A R; H K; R A

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 71-90

Abstract

To study the effect of organic and chemical fertilizers on forage yield, quality and growth characteristics in globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) a glasshouse experiment was conducted ... Read More

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Keywords = Foliar application

Combined effects of silicon aminochelate and phosphorus on photosynthetic indices and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa cv. Paros) in greenhouse soil culture

Abstract

Effect of bulk and nanoparticle chelates of iron, zinc, and boron on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) in dryland farming: Enhancing grain yield

Abstract

Effect of selenium, silicon and zeolite on yield and yield components and percentage of essential oil of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Miller.) in Khosrowshahr region

Abstract

Effect of foliar application of potassium sulfate on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of olive (Olea europaea L.) fruit and oil under Ahvaz environmental conditions

Abstract

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

Abstract

Quantity and quality improving of soybean yield by zinc and iron foliar application under drought stress

Abstract

Effect of Nitrogen, Boron and Zinc Sprays on Fruit Set, Yield and Quality of Date Fruit (cv Sayer)

Abstract

Effect of Soil Fertilizing Methods on Some Forage Quality and Yield Characterestics of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) Under Greenhouse Conditions

Abstract