Plant Productions

Investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on absorption of nutrients, phytochemical, antioxidant activities and flower yeild of European borage (Borago officinalis L)

Kiamars Azadinejad; Alireza Yadavi; Amin Salehi; Hooshang Farajee; Pravin Rostampour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48204.2219

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Introduction: In recent years, to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance crop yield by optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in the country, application ... Read More Abstract Introduction: Introduction: In recent years, to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance crop yield by optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in the country, application of organic materials and biofertilizers has been recommended. Because the use of chemical fertilizers with destructive environmental effects, as well as their high reliance on non-renewable energy sources, is not in accordance with the concepts of agricultural sustainability. Ecological cultivation of medicinal plants guarantees their quality and reduces the possibility of negative effects on medicinal quality and their performance. Healthy nutrition of plants with organic and biological fertilizers improves the quality of agricultural soils and increases the yield of various plants and it has the most compatibility with the purpose of producing medicinal plants. European borage with the English name Borage is from the Boraginaceae family with the scientific name Borago officinlis L. This plant has been used since ancient times in Iranian traditional medicine as a sedative, restorer of mucous tissues, expectorant, heart rate reducer, body strengthener and anti-cold. Also, borage flower extract has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant properties. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of ecological nutritional inputs on some caracteristics of Borago officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted in form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2018-2019 in Fahlian, Noorabad, Fars province. The first factor includes compost fertilizer (rice straw + sheep manure) at three levels (zero, 5 and 10 ton.ha-1) and the second factor includes biological fertilizers at four levels (control, mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis moseae), Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and mycorrhiza fungus+Bacillus bacteria). The studied traits included nutritional elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc), phytochemical traits (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity), and finally flower yield. Results and Discussion: The effect of compost and biological fertilizers under investigation was significant on all studied traits. The interaction of these factors on amount of iron and zinc, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity was not significant, but it was significant on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, anthocyanin and flower yield. The obtained results showed a significant increase in iron, zinc, phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity with increasing levels of compost from 0 to 10 ton.ha-1. Among the levels of biofertilizers, the highest amount of these traits was obtained from combined treatment of mycorrhizal and bacterial.The highest amount of nitrogen (1/54 %), phosphorus (0/46 %), potassium (2/48 %), anthocyanin (0/49 mg/g flower DW) and Key trait of flower yield (65/60 gr.m2) was obtained during the application of 10 ton.ha-1 of compost and the integrated application of mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus subtilis bacteria, And the lowest amount was obtained from the control treatment without the use of compost and biofertilizers. Conclusion:According to results, although nutritional resources in European borage production led to the improvement of the studied traits, but the combined use of compost and biological fertilizers (10 ton.ha-1of compost and combination of two biofertilizers mycorrhizal and bacterial), had a greater effect and efficiency in increasing these traits especially the key trait of flower yeild. Due to the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers and the favorable effects observed for biological and organic fertilizers, the use of biological and organic fertilizers is recommended in order to cultivate European Borage.

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Evaluating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Mohammad reza Mirzajani; Majid Majidian; Gholam reza Mohsenabadi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 469-482

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.25695.1594

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, especially in medicinal plants. With the correct method of increasing soil fertilization and plant nutrition, it is possible to reduce the erosion and conservation of biodiversity, preserve the environment, and increase the efficiency of inputs. This research was carried out with the aim of improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of lemon balm with bio fertilizers such as mycorrhiza fungi, biophosphate fertilizer, and vermicompost. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in a field covered by Agriculture Jihad of Guilan, located in Khoshkabijar District of Rasht, Iran. In this research, the experiment was conducted considering three factors: factorial contains mycorrhizal inoculation (M1 = non-inoculated and M2 = inoculated), phosphate biofertilizers (p < sub>1 = 0, p < sub>2 = 50 and p < sub>3 = 100 kg ha-1) and vermicompost (V1 = 0, V2 = 5 and V3 = 10 tons ha-1) layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Also, one plot was allocated to control in each replication and only chemical fertilizers (use of 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer of urea, triple super phosphate 90 kg ha-1 and potassium sulfate 90 kg ha-1) and data obtained from control plot, mycorrhizal, phosphate biofertilizers, and vermicompost were used based on a randomized complete block. Results According to the results of this experiment, the highest number of leaf yield, essential oil percentage, biological yield, essential oil yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in inoculation with mycorrhiza was obtained. The application of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers had a significant effect on all measured biofertilizers. Fertilizer treatment of 100 kg ha-1 had the best result in all measured traits. Also, the best result was obtained with the use of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare in biological yield (4808.2 kg ha-1), essential oil (0.13%), and total chlorophyll (1.54 mg gr-1FW). There were positive and synergic interactions between factors. For example, positive interaction between inoculation of mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizers on leaf yield and essential oil yield, and synergic interaction between mycorrhiza and vermicompost on biological yield were obsereved. Discussion The results of this study show that the treatment of inoculums with mycorrhiza, consumption of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers and 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare could provide the best situation to achieve the highest quantitative (5290 kg ha-1) and qualitative yield (0.26% essential oil) of lemon balm in a sustainable agricultural system.

Influence of three species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on growth and nutrients uptake in zinnia plant under drought stress conditions

Vahed Bagheri; Mohammad Hossein Shamshiri; Hossein Alaei; Hassan Salehi

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 83-96

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.23285.1513

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought is one of the major environmental constraints that limit plant growth and productivity more than any other environmental factor. Drought ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought is one of the major environmental constraints that limit plant growth and productivity more than any other environmental factor. Drought stress reduces normal growth, disturbs water relations and nutrition uptake in plants. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can increase plant tolerance to drought via direct water uptake and transport through fungal hyphae to the host plants, enhance nutrient uptake, improve osmotic adjustment and antioxidant activity. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of three AMF species (singly or in combination) on DS alleviation of zinnia seedlings (as a potentially drought-tolerant ﬂower crop) grown under different DS levels. Materials and Methods To study the effects of three identified isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and elements concentration (P, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn) of zinnia plants (Zinnia elegans L. var. Magellan Red) under drought stress condition, a greenhouse experiment was conducted with two factors including mycorrhiza at five levels (no mycorrhizae as control, Rhizophagus irregularis, Rhizophagus intraradisces, Funneliformis mosseae, Mix ) and four levels of drought stress (100% FC as control, 80% FC, 60% FC and 40% FC) with six replicates based on a completely randomized design (CRD). Seedlings with four true leaves were transplanted into 1 L pot and immediately inoculated with 210 spores per pot of the each of above symbionts. Control plants received the same amount of autoclaved inocula. The plants were irrigated with distilled water for 50 days to obtain certain amount of infection; then four irrigation regimes were achieved for four weeks. Results According to the results, vegetative growth traits like fresh and dry weight of shoot, root and flower leaf area and flower diameter were reduced significantly with increasing drought stress levels. Drought stress reduced uptake and transport of elements. The utilized AMF improved growth and nutrients uptake under drought stress considerably in 40% FC where R. irregularis, R. intraradisces, F. mosseae and mix increased dry weight of shoot by 20, 22, 20, 11 percent respectively in comparison with control. Discussion In conclusion, it is suggested that AMF inoculation improves drought tolerance of zinnia plants at least in part through the enhanced uptake of slowly diffusing mineral ions such as PO42- and Zn2+. Moreover, arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization provides better osmotic adjustment which can be correlated with K+ accumulation in top portions of inoculated plants. The results of this study showed that zinnia plants exhibited a better symbiotic relation with three identified isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi especially with mixed treatment.

The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield components and secondary metabolites of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

M.A. Kohanmoo; M. AghaAlikhani

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 99-112

Abstract

In order to determine the yield response, essential oil content and secondary metabolites of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) to biological and chemical fertilizers a two-year field ... Read More

The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

H. Nadian; M. Heidari; M.H. Gharineh; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 49-59

Abstract

The effect of different levels of salinity arising from sodium chloride on plant growth parameters, phosphorus, potassium and sodium uptake by saffron plant with and without mycorrhiza ... Read More

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Keywords = Mycorrhiza

Investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on absorption of nutrients, phytochemical, antioxidant activities and flower yeild of European borage (Borago officinalis L)

Abstract

Evaluating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Abstract

Influence of three species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on growth and nutrients uptake in zinnia plant under drought stress conditions

Abstract

The effect of biological and chemical fertilizers on yield components and secondary metabolites of chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.)

Abstract

The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Abstract