Plant Productions

The Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Producing ACC-Deaminase, IAA, Siderophore and Phosphate Solubilization on Growth Indices, Chlorophyll, Proline and Protein in Alfalfa at Different Levels of Salinity

Seyed Hassan Tafaroji; Seyed Ali Abtahi; Mojtaba Jafarinia; mehdi ebadi

Volume 45, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 375-384

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40265.2018

Abstract

IntroductionAgriculture practices involve the extensive utilization of chemical fertilizers that lead to several impacts, namely groundwater pollution, eutrophication, and production ... Read More IntroductionAgriculture practices involve the extensive utilization of chemical fertilizers that lead to several impacts, namely groundwater pollution, eutrophication, and production of greenhouse gases. These ultimately lead to environmental pollution and pose several health risks. With this respect, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) consist of a diverse collection of rhizobacteria that occur in the rhizospheric zone and interact with plant roots. Moreover plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are a heterogeneous group of bacteria found in the rhizosphere, associated with roots and root surfaces or living freely in the soil and influencing plant growth directly or indirectly. A large number of bacteria is reported to contribute to plant growth, including species of Pseudomonas, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Bacillus, and Serratia. Additionally, several reports indicate the application of ACC-deaminase-producing PGPR in facilitating plant growth and inducing tolerance in various abiotic stresses, namely (1) salt stress, (2) drought stress, (3) heat stress, (4) chilling stress, etc. The present study was performed to screen PGPR strains with different PGP traits in calcareous soils under salinity condition and to use such PGPR strains as biological inoculation. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 45 rhizospheric soil samples were collected from different crops in agricultural farms and placed in plastic bags, and transported to a laboratory, where it was refrigerated at 4 ° C until further use. To obtain a solution of 10-4 to 10-6 dilutions, one milliliter of suspension was serially diluted and 100 microliters of this suspension solution were spread onto the sterile nutrient agar medium. plates were incubated at 28±2°C for 48 hours in a BOD incubator. Rhizobacterial isolates with a different morphological appearance and fast growth on agar plates were randomly selected and purified by repetitive streaking on the fresh medium. After purification, these PGPR isolates were screened for PGP traits. Isolates with phosphate solubilization, siderophore production, IAA production and ACC-deaminase production were screened and finally three isolates were selected for molecular identification and pot experiments. Results and DiscussionIn this research, a total of 45 rhizospheric soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of different plants. 181 isolates were purified and isolated. In the initial screening, some of them were characterized by phosphate solubilization, siderophore production and indole acetic acid (IAA) production. In the secondary screening, superior isolates were selected in these three growth-promoting traits, and in the ACC-deaminase production test, all three isolates were able to produce this enzyme. Molecular identification of the isolates was performed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technique and the isolates belonged to Bacillus Cereus, Pseudomonas Syringae and Pseudomonas Alcaliphila which were registered in the NCBI database. In greenhouse experiments, inoculation of Pseudomonas Alcaliphila showed the best performance shoot length, shoot dry weight, chlorophyll production, crude protein production of alfalfa (medicago sativa L.) and lowest proline production under salinity stress, while inoculation of Pseudomonas Syringae had better yield at root length and root dry weight. ConclusionExtremely cost-effective methods such as applications of microorganisms with PGPR activities can enhance plant growth, speed up seed germination, improve seedling emergence, and protect plants. In conclusion, the applied plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) bacterial SF1050 strain (Pseudomonas Alcaliphila) proved to be a potential candidate for improving alfalfa crops in salinity conditions. Nevertheless, it is suggested to validate the current results by conducting field trials.

Evaluation of the Biochemical Reaction of Sunflower Seedlings to Selenium Levels in Saline Conditions

Masoumeh Abedini; Gader Habibi; Samad Arezoomand

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 443-454

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28539.1722

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity is one of the detrimental environmental factors that limit the productivity of crop plants worldwide. Most of the crop plants are ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity is one of the detrimental environmental factors that limit the productivity of crop plants worldwide. Most of the crop plants are sensitive to salinity. Selenium (Se) has not been classified as a plant essential element, but its role as a beneficial element and its ability in amelioration of different environmental stresses has been reported in different plant species. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Se on sunflower plants under salt stress conditions. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted as factorial in a completely randomized design by three replications in a hydroponic system with a temperature regime of 25/18°C, photoperiod of 14 h, and relative humidity of 70% in a growth chamber. Seeds were germinated in petri-dishes and then uniform 3-day old seedlings were transferred to 50% Hoagland solution. One week after pretreatment, plants were transferred to 100% Hoagland solution and treated with selenium) sodium selenate; 0, 5, and 10 µM) and salinity (sodium chloride; 50 and 100 mM) for two weeks. Plant's shoots were harvested 15 days after treatments, and frozen in liquid nitrogen until assays. Results The results indicated that salinity at both levels significantly increased the MDA as well as free phenol and decreased the flavonoids contents of plants. The anthocyanin, soluble sugars, and total protein contents and the activity of APX increased significantly in response to 50 mM of NaCl, while the proline, tannins, and lignin contents increased, but dry weight and height of shoot decreased significantly in response to 100 mM of NaCl. In non-saline condition, Se application at 5 µM decreased the flavonoids and lignin contents and increased the free phenols, shoot height, and POD activity significantly. Application of Se at 10 µM in non-saline conditions significantly increased the lignin and MDA contents and APX activity. In saline condition with 50 mM of NaCl, Se application at both two levels decreased the soluble sugars and APX activity, and at 10 µM decreased the lignin and increased the tannin contents significantly. In saline condition with 100 mM of NaCl, Se application at both two concentrations considerably decreased the proline, lignin, and tannin contents but increased the APX activity. Furthermore, a reduction in soluble sugars by application of 5 µM of Se was seen in plants that were in saline conditions with 100 mM of NaCl. Discussion According to the results of this study, salinity induced oxidative stress in sunflower, especially at 100 mM that was obvious by elevated level of MDA. Even though the Se application in saline condition could induce the notable changes in the phenolic compounds and promoted the activity of APX, it could not inhibit the MDA formation and dry weight falling in plants. Selenium application in non-saline conditions also could not result to the considerable benefits in sunflower plants.

Effects of Calcium Nitrate on Nitrate Reductase Activity, Amino Acids, Nitrate and Ion Accumulation of Pistacia Vera L., Badami Zarand, Under Sodium Chloride Stress

S. Nasseri Khollari; M. Heydari; S. Jafari; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 35-48

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11833

Abstract

Nitrogen is considered as an essential nutrient for plants and could be taken up in large amounts by plants. Nitrogen fertilizers are known to have beneficial effects when added to ... Read More

The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

H. Nadian; M. Heidari; M.H. Gharineh; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 49-59

Abstract

The effect of different levels of salinity arising from sodium chloride on plant growth parameters, phosphorus, potassium and sodium uptake by saffron plant with and without mycorrhiza ... Read More

Evaluation of Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Component of Three Plantago Species Under Salinity Stress

M K; A R; H D; M.R D

Volume 35, Issue 3 , December 2012, , Pages 27-39

Abstract

In order to study the salinity effect on morphological traits, yield and yield components of Isabgul (Plantago ovata), French psyllium (P. psyllium) and Great plantain (P. Major), an ... Read More

The study of adaptability of salt tolerant advanced barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes grown in moderate regions

M M; A Y; H.R N; Z R; A J

Volume 33, Issue 2 , March 2011, , Pages 31-39

Abstract

This study was to evaluate the adaptability of ten salt tolerant advanced barley in six regions (Esfahan, Kerman, Yazd, Ghom, Mashhad and Gonabad) in 2002-03. Statistical design was ... Read More

The Effect of Salinity on Yield and Some Agronomical and Physiological Traits of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars in Kerman

M SH; H F

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 13-25

Abstract

A factorial experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station of Bahonar University of Kerman to study the effects of salinity on the growth and yield of two maize cultivars ... Read More

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Keywords = Salinity

The Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria Producing ACC-Deaminase, IAA, Siderophore and Phosphate Solubilization on Growth Indices, Chlorophyll, Proline and Protein in Alfalfa at Different Levels of Salinity

Abstract

Evaluation of the Biochemical Reaction of Sunflower Seedlings to Selenium Levels in Saline Conditions

Abstract

Effects of Calcium Nitrate on Nitrate Reductase Activity, Amino Acids, Nitrate and Ion Accumulation of Pistacia Vera L., Badami Zarand, Under Sodium Chloride Stress

Abstract

The effects of different levels of sodium chloride and mycorrhizal colonization on growth, P, K and Na uptake by saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

Abstract

Evaluation of Morphological Traits, Yield and Yield Component of Three Plantago Species Under Salinity Stress

Abstract

The study of adaptability of salt tolerant advanced barley (Hordeum vulgare) genotypes grown in moderate regions

Abstract

The Effect of Salinity on Yield and Some Agronomical and Physiological Traits of Two Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars in Kerman

Abstract