Plant Productions

Influence of Sowing Date and Terminal Heat Stress on Phonological Features and Yield Components of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Fatemeh Mousavi; Mohammad Reza Siahpoosh; Karim Sorkheh

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 157-170

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28957.1744

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionDelay in sowing date results in yield production change in wheat. Belated sowing time of wheat cultivars always encounters terminal heat stress, particularly after ... Read More AbstractIntroductionDelay in sowing date results in yield production change in wheat. Belated sowing time of wheat cultivars always encounters terminal heat stress, particularly after flowering, in south of Iran. Heat stress is one of the main obstacles influencing crop production worldwide. Currently, producing heat tolerant genotypes is so essential in plant breeding programs. In spite of previous research on physiological aspects of heat stress tolerance, a consensus among scientists on the most important traits controling heat stress tolerance in plants is not available. Phenological traits of wheat genotypes are the major traits influencing heat tolerance and very important in breeding programs. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effects of sowing date and terminal heat stress on phenological traits, yield and yield components of bread wheat, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications on 30 genotypes including: Pars, Bahar, Sistan, Dez, Shiraz, Bam, Arvand, Chamran 2, Kavir, Neyshabour, Roshan, Pishtaz, Hamoon, Kaz, Arta, Sepahan, Mehregan, Shuosh, Verinak, Arg, Ghods, Hirmand, Chamran, Alvand, Falat, Aflack, Marvdasht, Mantana, Babax and Weebile with different length of phonological stages in experimental fields of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz during 2014-2015. The cultivars were planted in normal and late sowing dates (terminal heat stress) and the data were combined and run in a combined analysis of variance. Results and DiscussionIn this research, sowing date and consequent heat stress significantly reduced (P≤0.01) the phenological traits. The average of the number of days from sowing to tillage was reduced by 23% under terminal heat stress in comparison with the normal condition. The yield and yield components were also strongly affected by seasonal heat stress and the number of spikelets per spike (16%), number of kernels per spike (18%), thousands kernel weight (11%), biological yield (40%), harvest index (14%) and grain yield (46%) reduced under heat stress. Based on the results, the correlation between phenological traits and yield components was positive in normal conditions and in most cases it was negative under heat stress conditions. The reults of canonical correlation showed that phenological traits in the first canonical correlation could interprete 38% of the variance of yield components in the normal and 47% in the heat stress conditions, which shows the more effective role of phenological traits on yield components under heat stress than normal conditions. Cluster analysis also displayed the important role of phonological features in comparison with other traits in the classification of commercial wheat cultivars of Iran. Generally, under hot climatical conditions such as Khuzestan the length of different phonological stages over the course of plant life significantly influence the grain performance. If the phenology of genotypes is locally engineered based on the optimum length, the promising heat tolerant cultivars will be achieved with ability to produce and maintaine the yield production. ConclusionGenerally, under hot climatical conditions such as Khuzestan the length of different phonological stages over the course of plant life significantly influence the grain performance. If the phenology of genotypes is locally engineered based on the optimum length, the promising heat tolerant cultivars will be achieved with the potential to produce and maintaine the yield production.

Comparison of wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz

Ali Moshattati; S.A. Siadat; Kh. Alami-Saeid; A.M. Bakhshandeh; M.R. Jalal-Kamali

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 61-73

Abstract

Many indices have been introduced to compare of tolerance and susceptibility of field crops to environmental stresses. In order to compare spring bread wheat cultivars using indices ... Read More

Trend of physiological growth indices of three grain sorghum cultivars affected by sowing date

M. Aghaalikhani; M. Safari

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 63-78

Abstract

Given the important role of crop growth indices for explanation of cultivars yield differences in diverse environmental and agronomical circumstances, this experiment was conducted ... Read More Given the important role of crop growth indices for explanation of cultivars yield differences in diverse environmental and agronomical circumstances, this experiment was conducted at research field of Tarbiat Modares University during 2007 growing season. Experimental treatments were arranged in split-plot layout based on randomized complete blocks with four replications. In this research, sowing dates (8th June, 28th June and 18th July) were considered as the main plots and grain sorghum cultivars (Payam, Sepideh and Kimia) were arranged in sub plots. By means of measurement of dry weight and leaf area during several sampling in growing season of sorghum, some important physiological growth indices including total dry matter (TDM), crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), leaf area index (LAI) and net assimilation rate (NAR) were estimated and calculated using functional approach based on growing degree days. Results showed that delayed sowing date reduced sorghum dry weight accumulation. The CGR trend was directly related to dry weight accumulation, so that Sepideh cultivar in first sowing date obtained the highest amount of growth rate and dry matter. Dry matter increment in this cultivar in first sowing date was accompanied by dry weight panicle (165.93 g/m2). The relative growth rate of all cultivars in second sowing date had the highest amount. Results in case of the interaction between LAI and NAR showed, despite Payam cultivar having earning lower leaf area index, that NAR in this cultivar was superior. Finally, payam cultivar took an average amount of CGR. Sepideh cultivar, taking the average amount of NAR (0.763 g/m2/gdd) and LAI (2.65), showed higher amount of CGR (2.06 g/m2/gdd). Therefore, obtaining the highest amounts of CGR and RGR in second sowing date (28th June) could be introduced as the mechanism of superior grain yield (6777.2 kg/ha) and harvest index (48.75 %) in Sepideh cultivar.

The Effect of Planting Date on Phonological Stages and Quantity Traits of Four Winter Rapeseed Cultivars in Yasouj

M.H F; A Y; M M; H B; H F

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 99-113

Abstract

In order to study the effect of planting date on phonological stages and quantity traits of four cultivars of winter rapeseed, an experiment was carried out in 2008-2009 at the research ... Read More

Investigation in to Different Sowing Dates and Fertilization Methods (chemical and organic) on Yield and Yield Components of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.)

S A; E F; A A

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 129-143

Abstract

In order to study the effects of different sowing dates and Fertilization methods on yield and yield components of milk thistle (Silybum marianum L.) a field experiment was conducted ... Read More

The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Content of Different Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Cultivars as Double Crop in Yasouj Region

M A; M M; H F; A D; M A

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

In order to study the effects of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of spring safflower, as double crop, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at the research field ... Read More

Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Levels in Different Planting Dates of Canola in Khouzestan

A R; A.R J

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 53-63

Abstract

Delaying sowing cultivation of canola was cased by Khouzestan rotation condition. In order to reduce comprehensive cultivation delay injury, this study was carried out in Shavoor Agricultural ... Read More

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Keywords = Sowing Date

Influence of Sowing Date and Terminal Heat Stress on Phonological Features and Yield Components of Bread Wheat Genotypes

Abstract

Comparison of wheat cultivars using indices of tolerance and susceptibility to terminal heat stress in Ahvaz

Abstract

Trend of physiological growth indices of three grain sorghum cultivars affected by sowing date

Abstract

The Effect of Planting Date on Phonological Stages and Quantity Traits of Four Winter Rapeseed Cultivars in Yasouj

Abstract

Investigation in to Different Sowing Dates and Fertilization Methods (chemical and organic) on Yield and Yield Components of Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum L.)

Abstract

The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Content of Different Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Cultivars as Double Crop in Yasouj Region

Abstract

Determination of Optimum Nitrogen Levels in Different Planting Dates of Canola in Khouzestan

Abstract