Plant Productions

Response of New Genotypes of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) to Late Season Withholding Irrigation under Semi-Arid Climate

Hamed Eyni Nargeseh; Majid AghaAlikhani; Amir Hosein Shirani Rad; Ali Mokhtasi-Bidgoli; Seyed Ali Mohammad Modares Sanavy

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 55-68

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22672.1491

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Water deficit stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which affect the crop production. Genetic improvement or application ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Water deficit stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which affect the crop production. Genetic improvement or application of drought tolerant genotypes is recommended to increase crop production under water restricted conditions. The objective of the current study is investigating the withholding irrigation effect in terminal stages of the growing season on agronomic performance of rapeseed new genotypes in a semi-arid climate. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted during 2015-2016 growing season in Karaj, Iran. Experimental factors (two water irrigation regimes and 17 rapeseed genotypes) were investigated with factorial arrangement of treatments based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. In this study, several different traits including plant height, number of siliqueper plant, number of grain per silique, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass, oil percentage and oil yield were measured. To determine the most tolerant genotypes, stress tolerance indices (SSI, TOL, STI and GMP) were calculated under stress (withholding irrigation from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season) and non-stress (normal irrigation) conditions. Also, agronomic water use efficiency (WUEagr) was calculated for both irrigation conditions. Results Mean comparison of the interaction between withholding irrigation and genotypes showed that the responses of genotypes were different in terms of plant height, number of siliqueper plant, number of grain per silique, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, biomass, and oil yield at irrigation different treatments. Finally under withholding irrigation treatment from silique setting stage until the end of the growing season, Lauren hybrid was identified as the superior genotype due to suitable agronomic traits such as plant height (158.9 cm), number of siliqueper plant (158.6), number of grain per silique(18.6), 1000-grain weight (3.44 g), biomass (15471 kg.ha-1), grain yield (3854.3 kg.ha-1), oil percentage (43.33%) and oil yield (1668.3 kg.ha-1). Based on the stress tolerance indices among 17 rapeseed genotypes, the most tolerant genotypes were Lauren, Zorica, Alonso and Zlanta. Finally with considering to WUEagr (Kg.ha-1.mm-1), Zorica (0.92), Artist and Lauren genotypes (0.88) had the highest WUEagr under normal irrigation conditions, while Alonso (0.86), Lauren (0.84) and KL3721 (0.82) had the highest WUEagr under withholding irrigation conditions. Discussion Generally in this study, the amount of the studied traits was decreased under conditions of withholding irrigation compared to the full irrigation. Yield components such as silique number per plant, grain number per silique and 1000-grain weight could be considered as key traits affecting rapeseed grain yield under withholding irrigation.

Impact of Jasmonic Acid on Radiation Use Efficiency and Dry Biomasses of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Water Deficit Conditions

Hamideh Ghagari; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 111-124

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.22847.1499

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a major limitating factor on crop production and plant distribution worldwide. Reduction of RUE, water stress also affects ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is a major limitating factor on crop production and plant distribution worldwide. Reduction of RUE, water stress also affects foliage expansion and eventually radiation capture. Water stress almost decreases fresh root weight. Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is an important commercial crop that supplies approximately 30% of the world’s sugar. Research has showed reduction in the leaf area and a smaller decrease in the taproot growth of sugar beet when subjected to drought stress. Phytohormones are part of signaling pathways or their presence may stimulate signaling reactions molecules that are responsible for plants to response stresses. Exogenously applied jasmonates elicit several different physiological responses to stress and therefore increase plant resistance. For instance, MeJA was reported to improve resistance against drought in rice. Materials and Methods This research was carried out in 2015 in the research field station of Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran (50051/N, 32019/E and 2050 m a.s.l). A field experiment was conducted as split-plot arrangement in a randomized completely block design with three replications on sugar beet (Monogerm Castille seed). The main plot included three irrigation treatments 100% (control), 75% and 50% of water requirement and the sub plot included 3 levels of jasmonic acid applied sprayed with water (control), 5 and 10 µM jasmonic acid. Foliar spray was done at 6-8, 12-16 and 20-24 leaf stages. Plants were grown under full irrigation until the 16-20 leaf stage, when water stress was applied. Results The result showed that light absorption percent and extinction coefficient were significantly affected by irrigation level, jasmonic acid applications and their interactions. The interaction between drought level and jasmonic acid application showed the highest increase in light absorption percent (73.07) and extinction coefficient (0.58) were recorded in 100% of water requirement and 10 µM jasmonic acid application. Drought levels led to decrease of radiation use efficiency. Jasmonic acid increased radiation use efficiency. In terms of the trend of the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation of shoot and root had the highest in 100% of water requirement and application 10 µM jasmonic acid. The improvement of leaf characters of sugar beet by jasmonic acid of treatment may be due to the fact that jasmonate antagonistically regulates the expression of stress inducible proteins, associated with drought stress in rice. Discussion With the increase in leaf area index, dry matter accumulation increased. Jasmonic acid improved sugar beet growth under drought stress by inducing plants to increase organic osmoprotectants. JA spray could be adopted as a potential growth regulator or antioxidant to improve growth under water deficit stress on sugar beet.

The evaluation of water deficit effect on grain yield and physiological characteristics of three canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

S.M. Hoseini; P. Hassibi; B. Andarzian

Volume 36, Issue 1 , June 2013, , Pages 13-24

Abstract

To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total ... Read More To investigate water deficit stress influence on stem elongation, flowering stage and some physiological characters of three canola (Brassica napus) cultivars including total dry matter, grain yield, total soluble sugars and starch, proline and osmotic potential this study was carried out in the green house of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz in 2008-2009 growing season. The experiment was factorial based on complete randomized design arrangement in three replications. The first factor comprised cultivars (including Hyola 308, Hyola 401 and RGS003) and the second factor was water deficit stress including water deficit in the early stem elongation to early-flowering stage (D1), early-flowering stage to early sac appearance (D2), early stem elongation to early sac appearance (D3) and normal irrigation conditions (D4). The results showed that the lowest and the highest reduction in shoot dry matter and grain yield was measured in Hyola 401 and Hyola308, respectively. The lowest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 308 (from the early stem elongation to early sac emergence stages) (22 grams per plant) and the highest shoot dry matter was in Hyola 401 (74 grams per plant) in normal conditions. In the stress conditions, shoot dry matter in all cultivars decreased. The amount of reduction during the flowering stage was more than early stem elongation stage showing more sensitivity of flowering stage to the stem elongation stage in water deficit stress. The interaction of water stress and variety showed significant differences in total soluble sugar, starch, proline, osmotic potential (P≤ 0.01), shoots dry matter and grain yield (P≤ 0.05). Furthermore, in the stress conditions participation in osmotic regulation process and reduction of negative effects of water deficit stress increased the amount of the total soluble sugars and proline of leaves. The lowest leaf osmotic potential (-2.23 Mpa) and the highest osmotic potential (-1.65 Mpa) were determined in Hyola 401, and Hyola 308 for D3 and D4 respectively. Decrease (become more negative) of osmotic potential because of more tolerance of Hyola 401 to water deficit stress was also assessed. According to the results of this study, Hyola 401, RGS003 and Hyola 308 were assessed for tolerance, semi tolerance and susceptibility to water deficit stress respectively.

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Keywords = Water deficit stress

Response of New Genotypes of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) to Late Season Withholding Irrigation under Semi-Arid Climate

Abstract

Impact of Jasmonic Acid on Radiation Use Efficiency and Dry Biomasses of Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) under Water Deficit Conditions

Abstract

The evaluation of water deficit effect on grain yield and physiological characteristics of three canola (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

Abstract