Plant Productions

Effects of salinity stress on some morpho-physiological traits and grain yield of quinoa cultivars under greenhouse conditions

Mojtaba Kaboodkhani; Hadi Salek Mearaji; Keyvan Aghaei; Afshin Tavakoli

Volume 47, Issue 2 , August 2024, , Pages 213-227

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46220.2145

Abstract

IntroductionSince plants cannot move, they face many environmental stresses. Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture, causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. ... Read More IntroductionSince plants cannot move, they face many environmental stresses. Salinity is a major threat to modern agriculture, causing inhibition and impairment of crop growth and development. Salinity stress affects all vital plant processes such as photosynthesis, protein and metabolism of fat in the plant, causing changes in morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plant, which ultimately decreases plant yield. Due to high nutritional value and high resistance to abiotic stresses such as salinity and drought, quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa willd.) has been proposed to ensure food security in the world. Quinoa genotypes have different morphological and physiological mechanisms in terms of germination, growth and grain yield under salinity stress. Considering the differences in salinity resistance in different quinoa cultivars, this study was carried out for investigating the physiological responses and seed yield of three quinoa cultivars with different origins under salinity stress. Materials and MethodsThis experiment carried out as random complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture of Zanjan University during the year 2019. The experimental treatments included three salinity levels of 0, 15 and 30 dS m-1 and three quinoa varieties (Giza1, Titicaca and Q26) with different origins. First, soil with a ratio of 50% sieved farm soil, 30% sand and 20% rotted manure was added inside the 1 kg pots. Inside each pot, 10 seeds were planted then irrigated with desired concentrations of salinity. The temperature of the greenhouse during the day was 27±2 and at night 19±2 ˚C, and the relative humidity was 65-75%. After the seedlings were fully established, four plants were kept in each pot and the rest were removed. The volume of irrigation water was 400 cc for each pot with the desired concentration of salinity. In the following, the desired traits were measured based on the mentioned protocols in specific stages. After measuring the desired traits, variance analysis of the data was done with SAS software version 9.1, comparison of average data was done using Duncan's multiple range test (P>0.05). Results and DiscussionSalinity stress had a significant effect on all the traits studied except the potassium concentration of the root. Salinity reduced the plant height, leaf area, greenness index, grain yield, dry weight shoot and root, but salinity caused increase in the amount of sodium in the root, stem and leaves. The highest and lowest grain yields, with 0.87 and 0.56 g plant-1 were observed in the control and 30 dS m-1 salinity treatments, respectively. The Titicaca cultivar with 25.7 cm, had the lowest plant height. The highest shoot dry weight, stem sodium concentration, Na+/K+ ratio in root and Na+/K+ ratio in stem were observed in the Giza 1 cultivar. The Q26 cultivar had highest height of plant (33.8 cm), leaf area (3865.8 cm2plant-1), root sodium (0.30 mg.g-1 dry weight) and potassium (0.16 mg.g-1 dry weight) concentration, while it had the lowest Na+/K+ ratio in leaf with 0.67 mg.g-1 dry weight. Traits such as leaf potassium concentration and grain yield were similar among the studied cultivars. Also, cultivar Q26 had the lowest Na+/K+ ratio in the leaves with 0.67 mg.g-1 dry weight. The leaf greenness index in the control and salinity of 15 dS.m-1 was the same among all studied cultivars, but in the salinity of 30 dS.m-1, the Titicaca cultivar had the lowest amount. Among the studied cultivars, Giza 1 cultivar had the lowest root dry weight, while it had the highest Na+/K+ ratio in root and stem (8.27 and 3.6 mg.g-1 dry weight, respectively) among all salinity treatments. The Titicaca cultivar had the highest stem potassium concentration of all salinity levels in studied cultivars. Conclusions The results obtained from this research showed that high salinity concentrations decreased the grain yield of quinoa. In general, the results showed that the cultivars examined in this research (Giza1, Titicaca and Q26) were different from each other in terms of traits related to salinity resistance. The results showed that the origin of cultivars probably plays a role in the resistance to salinity. Also, despite the difference in the concentration of elements potassium, sodium and Na+/K+ ratio in the stem, root and leaf organs, and no significant difference was observed in terms of grain yield among the studied cultivars. Therefore, it is suggested to consider their origin in the selection of cultivars for future research.

Foliar application of silica and potassium sulphate on some characteristics of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’

Farzad Abdollahi; Abdolkarim Zarei; Javad Erfani-Moghadam; Mahmood Rostaminia

Volume 47, Issue 2 , August 2024, , Pages 309-321

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46385.2150

Abstract

IntroductionPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit-bearing species with a long history of cultivation in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Pomegranate production ... Read More IntroductionPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is a fruit-bearing species with a long history of cultivation in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Pomegranate production in Iran, as the main pomegranate producer in the world, is faced with different challenges. Fruit cracking is one of the serious disorders in pomegranate that cause significant reduction in the quality of fruit and subsequent economic damages to the pomegranate producers annually. Fruit cracking can be controlled to some extent by appropriate orchard management. Proper orchard fertilization is among the influential cases that can lead to the improvement in the physiological state of trees in favor of reducing the fruit cracking. Materials and methods In this study, the effects of silicon and potassium sulfate spraying were investigated on the fruit cracking and some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pomegranate fruit. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of four levels of silica (0, 100, 300, and 500 ppm) and three levels of potassium sulfate (0, 0.75%, and 1.5%) spraying on the fruit of pomegranate cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’, one of the most important pomegranate varieties of Iran. The treatments were applied three times during the growing season. The experiment was arranged in a factorial experiment based on the completely randomized block design in three replicates. Data analysis was performed using SAS statistical software and the means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% level of significance. Results and DiscussionThe results indicated that most of the qualitative and quantitative traits were influenced by foliar spraying of these substances. Also, the results indicated that foliar application of silica, potassium sulfate, and their interaction significantly affected the fruit cracking. According to the results, the lowest fruit cracking (2.64%) was obtained by spraying 500 ppm silica and 0.75% potassium sulfate, while the highest fruit cracking (27.87%) was recorded from control plants. The highest fruit weight (204 g) was recorded in the treatment of 1.5% potassium sulfate and the lowest fruit weight (144 g) was recorded from untreated plants. Most of the treatments had a positive effect on fruit and aril weight and increased this character compared to the control. Spraying with 500 ppm silica and 1.5% potassium sulfate resulted in the highest (39.69 g) 100 arils weight, while control plants had the lowest (29.14) 100 arils weight. Silica and potassium sulfate treatment also improve the total soluble solid and titratable acidity in the fruit juice of pomegranate. ConclusionThe data obtained from this study could provide valuable insights into the effects of proper fertilization in reducing one of the main pomegranate disorders. Overall, the results indicated that combined spraying of silica (500 ppm) with potassium sulfate (1.5%) is more effective than their individual use and results in the higher fruit yield and quality, as well as a lower cracking disorder. These findings suggest that there are synergistic effects between these compounds. According to the results of this investigation simultaneous application of silica and potassium is suggested as a practical strategy in orchard management practices that could be beneficial for improving qualitative and quantitative attributes of pomegranate fruit.

The effect of manure and humic acid fertilizer on ions concentrations in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) under salinity stress

Mahboobeh Sardar; Mohammad Ali Behdani; Seyyd Vahid Eslami; Gholam Reza Zamani

Volume 46, Issue 4 , March 2024, , Pages 491-505

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42864.2075

Abstract

Introduction Cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) has a special position as one of the most important crops in the country. Considering that salinity stress is one of the most important ... Read More Introduction Cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) has a special position as one of the most important crops in the country. Considering that salinity stress is one of the most important stresses, it threatens cotton production in arid and semi-arid regions of the country and the world, it is possible to reduce the adverse effects of salinity stress through application of organic fertilizers (manure and humic acid). In addition, Organic inputs can guarantee both agricultural production and nature conservation. The current approach is to employ the organic compounds like manure and humic acid (that are cost-effective and eco-friendly) as an appropriate substitute for chemical fertilizers.Materials and MethodsThis study was carried out to assess the effect of manure and humic acid application on some elements accumulation and ions concentrations in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) (cotton leaves) under salinity stress. The experiment was conducted as a factorial split plot in the form of a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications in the 2019-2020 cropping year in Beshravieh city in South Khorasan. The main plot included different levels of irrigation water salinity at three levels (2.5, 5.5 and 8.5 ds.m-1) and sub-plots consisted of a factorial combination of manure at two levels (0 and 20 t/h) and humic acid at two levels (0 and 200 gr/ 100 kg of seeds as priming). In order to measure the concentration of sodium (Na) and potassium (K) elements, it was done using a flame photometer and chlorine concentration based on the method provided by Johnson and Ulrich (1995). In order to assess the cotton yield, the yield of two consecutive harvests were added together and was considered as the seed cotton yield of each experimental unit. Results and DiscussionThe results of the present study illustrated that the salinity stress increased Na+ and Cl- concentration in cotton leaves and consequently decreased K+ concentration. The increase of salinity stress from 2.5 to 5.5 and 8.5 dSm-1 caused a significant decrease in seed cotton yield. Manure application treatment increased Na+ (13.45%), K+ (2.67%), Cl- (18.30%) concentration in the leaves and seed cotton yield (13/90 %) compared to the no use of manure. Humic acid application treatment decreased Na+ (3.08%), Cl- (9.78%) concentration and increased K+ concentration (4.17%) and cotton yield (9/15 %) and improved the growth conditions compared to the treatment of no use of humic acid. The application of manure (before planting) and humic acid (as priming treatment) increased the seed cotton yield by improving the accumulation of beneficial elements in the leaves under salinity stress conditions. ConclusionBased on the results of this experiment, it can be concluded that the application of manure and humic acid (priming) moderated the negative effects of salinity stress on seed cotton yield. In addition, manure and humic acid can be used as an effective and alternative fertilizer in order to reduce the consumption of chemical fertilizers and salinity stress in hot and dry climates. Therefore, manure and humic acid (organic fertilizers) are recommended to be applied under (environmental stresses) salinity stress conditions to mitigate the effects of salt stress and obtain a higher seed cotton yield.

Assessing Fruit Set Improvement of Tissue Culture Derived Date Palm cv. Barhee Through Bunches Spraying with Mineral Nutrition

Maryam Boroujerdnia; Ahmad Mostaan; Aziz Torahi; Hojat Dialami

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 205-214

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.37418.1979

Abstract

IntroductionDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Today, the development of tissue culture propagation methods has ... Read More IntroductionDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Today, the development of tissue culture propagation methods has enabled date palm to be rapidly propagated on a large scale. The production of genetically uniform and stable in vitro date palms has a critical importance. Low levels of fruit set and supernumerary carpels were detected in many date palm trees produced by tissue culture, especially in Barhee cultivar which leads to economic losses to gardeners. One of the best tools for date palm reproductive potential studies is the direct application of nutrient elements on inflorescences and fruits. Nutrients, such as boron and potassium on dates yield and fruit quality seems to play an important role in achieving satisfactory fruit set and fruit quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of boron and potassium spray on improving the fruit set of tissue culture- derived date palm cv. Barhee in grove of Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center Ahvaz city. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments of bunches spraying with nutrients and 3 replications for two years (2018-2019) and each tree was considered as an experimental unit. Experimental treatments included spraying with boric acid at 0.5 and 1% , potassium sulfate at 2 and 3% as individual application or in a combination between boric acid and potassium sulfate concentrations treatments and control (distilled water). All treatments were replicated three times: 2 hours before pollination, 2 and 5 days after pollination. In 5th weeks after pollination, fruit set percentage, parthenocarpic fruits percentage and flower and fruit drop percentage were recorded. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed that that bunches spraying with potassium and boron significantly increased fruit set, yield and fruit physical characteristics i.e. weight, volume, length and diameter of fruit and TSS (%) compared with the control treatment. Among the different treatments, potassium sulfate at 2% was more effective in improving fruit set and reducing parthenocarpic fruits (seedless) than other treatments. Increasing fruit yield due to boron or potassium may be attributed to their effect an increasing fruit set. Increasing fruit set due to boron may be attributed to its role in maintaining high pollen viability, germination, and pollen tube elongation. Applying the potassium element has a role in controlling cell water content and carbohydrates biosynthesis and mobilization in plant tissues, consequently, carbohydrates play a serious role in fruit set and retention. ConclusionBoron and potassium nutrients play an important role in fruit set, fruit retention and development and cause efficient yield and quality improvement. Our results revealed that spraying Barhee date palm inflorescences with boric acid and potassium sulfate as individual had a positive effect on fruit set, yield and fruit quality.

Screening Salt Tolerance in Pistachio Seedlings by Evaluating Growth, Oxidative Damages and Mineral Composition

Z. Mirfattahi; M.R. Roozban; S. Karimi; V. Tavallali; S. Aliniaeifard

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 13-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.18881.1371

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Salinization of the central lands of Iran has had limited pistachio cultivation and production during the recent decade. Materials and Methods In ... Read More

Effect of different levels of potassium on soluble carbohydrate remobilization in two bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

A. Alizadeh; M. Nabipoor; A. Rahnama

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 69-82

Abstract

Side transportation of storage carbohydrates is one of the most important physiological indices in yield formation. In order to study potassium variation levels (200, 300 and 400 mg ... Read More

Effects of Different Levels of Potassium and Calcium on Growth, Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Vendetta Cut rose Flower (Rosa hybrida L.)

SH K; M.J M; K M

Volume 34, Issue 2 , February 2012, , Pages 15-26

Abstract

Growth, nutrients concentration and quality of rose flowers (Rosa hybrida L.( were evaluated under different potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) levels in the nutrient solution. This experiment ... Read More

Articles in Press

Current Issue

Volume 47 (2024)

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Potassium

Effects of salinity stress on some morpho-physiological traits and grain yield of quinoa cultivars under greenhouse conditions

Abstract

Foliar application of silica and potassium sulphate on some characteristics of pomegranate fruit cv. ‘Malase-Saveh’

Abstract

The effect of manure and humic acid fertilizer on ions concentrations in cotton (Gossypim hirsutum L.) under salinity stress

Abstract

Assessing Fruit Set Improvement of Tissue Culture Derived Date Palm cv. Barhee Through Bunches Spraying with Mineral Nutrition

Abstract

Screening Salt Tolerance in Pistachio Seedlings by Evaluating Growth, Oxidative Damages and Mineral Composition

Abstract

Effect of different levels of potassium on soluble carbohydrate remobilization in two bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.)

Abstract

Effects of Different Levels of Potassium and Calcium on Growth, Nutrients Concentration and Yield of Vendetta Cut rose Flower (Rosa hybrida L.)

Abstract