Plant Productions

Effect of Organic and Chemical Improvers Application on Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Water Deficit Stress Conditions

Hamed Javadi; Seyyed Gholamreza Moosavi; Mohamad Javad Seghatoleslami; Fereshteh Kermani

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 283-294

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.30621.1806

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionAnethum graveolens L is used to treat colds, coughs, urinary problems, bloating, and spasms. Water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition ... Read More AbstractIntroductionAnethum graveolens L is used to treat colds, coughs, urinary problems, bloating, and spasms. Water deficit may cause significant changes in the yield and composition of essential oils of medicinal plants. In order to improve water stress tolerance of plants, various mechanisms have been proposed. The use of materials such as vermicompost, zeolite, superabsorbent and methanol can partially compensate for the lowering of yield from drought stress. Therefore, it is important to use methods that can tolerate plants under drought stress conditions. Materials and MethodsTo evaluate the effect of organic and chemical growth improvers application on yield and essential oil percentage of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under water deficit stress conditions, a field experiment was conducted as split plot in randomized complete block design with three replications in Birjand, Iran, during 2017 growing season. The main factor included three levels of water stress (60, 120, 180 mm evaporation form class A pan) and the sub-factor included five levels of organic and chemical growth improvers; control (no application), zeolite (5 t.ha-1), vermi compost (6.5 t.ha-1), super absorbent polymer (100 kg.ha-1) and methanol (20 v/v). Results and DiscussionThe results showed that water deficit significantly reduced all studied traits except harvest index and essential oil percentage. Also, organic and chemical improvement agents had a positive and significant effect on plant height, number of umbrellas per plant, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. Interaction of water deficit stress and organic and chemical improvement agents was significant on number of umbrellas per plant, number of seeds per umbrella, grain yield, biological yield and essential oil yield. By increasing the intensity of water deficit stress, the use of organic and chemical improvers increased the yield of seeds and essential oils. Under severe stress conditions and in comparison, with control treatment, super absorbent application increased the yield of seeds and essential oil to 34.43 and 37.27%, respectively, and methanol spraying increased the yield of seeds and essential oils by 34.17% and 42.85. The results of this experiment showed that the use of organic and chemical improvers reduced the damage to seed yield and essential oil yield under water deficit stress conditions. Also, the results revealed that when the plant is exposed to intensive stress, substances such as superabsorbent and methanol can be used to modify the stress. Using these materials under severe stress conditions increased the grain yield by 34% compared to the control. In order to achieve maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region. ConclusionIn order to achieve the maximum yield of essential oil, use of organic and chemical improvers has been beneficial. Under severe stress conditions, methanol spraying and super absorbent application increased the essential oil yield of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) in Birjand region.

Evaluating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Mohammad reza Mirzajani; Majid Majidian; Gholam reza Mohsenabadi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 469-482

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.25695.1594

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives An important requirement of agronomic planning is to evaluate different plant nutrition systems in order to achieve high yield and quality, especially in medicinal plants. With the correct method of increasing soil fertilization and plant nutrition, it is possible to reduce the erosion and conservation of biodiversity, preserve the environment, and increase the efficiency of inputs. This research was carried out with the aim of improving the quantitative and qualitative performance of lemon balm with bio fertilizers such as mycorrhiza fungi, biophosphate fertilizer, and vermicompost. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in spring and summer of 2016 in a field covered by Agriculture Jihad of Guilan, located in Khoshkabijar District of Rasht, Iran. In this research, the experiment was conducted considering three factors: factorial contains mycorrhizal inoculation (M1 = non-inoculated and M2 = inoculated), phosphate biofertilizers (p < sub>1 = 0, p < sub>2 = 50 and p < sub>3 = 100 kg ha-1) and vermicompost (V1 = 0, V2 = 5 and V3 = 10 tons ha-1) layout based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and three replications. Also, one plot was allocated to control in each replication and only chemical fertilizers (use of 90 kg ha-1 of fertilizer of urea, triple super phosphate 90 kg ha-1 and potassium sulfate 90 kg ha-1) and data obtained from control plot, mycorrhizal, phosphate biofertilizers, and vermicompost were used based on a randomized complete block. Results According to the results of this experiment, the highest number of leaf yield, essential oil percentage, biological yield, essential oil yield, total chlorophyll and carotenoids in inoculation with mycorrhiza was obtained. The application of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers had a significant effect on all measured biofertilizers. Fertilizer treatment of 100 kg ha-1 had the best result in all measured traits. Also, the best result was obtained with the use of 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare in biological yield (4808.2 kg ha-1), essential oil (0.13%), and total chlorophyll (1.54 mg gr-1FW). There were positive and synergic interactions between factors. For example, positive interaction between inoculation of mycorrhiza and phosphate biofertilizers on leaf yield and essential oil yield, and synergic interaction between mycorrhiza and vermicompost on biological yield were obsereved. Discussion The results of this study show that the treatment of inoculums with mycorrhiza, consumption of 100 kg of phosphate biofertilizers and 10 tons of vermicompost per hectare could provide the best situation to achieve the highest quantitative (5290 kg ha-1) and qualitative yield (0.26% essential oil) of lemon balm in a sustainable agricultural system.

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Some of Growth and Quality Indices of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Z. Reisi; Mahmoud Reza Tadayon; S. Fallah

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12451

Abstract

Background and Objectives The yield and quality of tobaco plants depends upon several factors, such as nutritions and good cultivation practice which plays a significant role in leave ... Read More Background and Objectives The yield and quality of tobaco plants depends upon several factors, such as nutritions and good cultivation practice which plays a significant role in leave pruduction and the qualitative characteristics such as nicotin content. The main purpose of fertilization is to consider quantity and quality in tobacco production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of chemical and organic fertilizers on some of growth and quality indices of tobacco in field conditions. Material and Methods In order to study the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on physiological, growth indices and quality of tobacco (Burley Cv.) an experiment was counducted at Shahrekord University in 2013 as a randomized complete block design with three replications.Treatments included compost based on the tobacco demand, vermicompost based on the tobacco demands, chemical fertilizer based on the tobacco demands, 50 percent compost + 50 percent chemical fertilizer, 50 percent vermicompost + 50 percent chemical fertilizer and control. Sowing in nursery was done in March 2013 and transplanted to field in May 2013. After plowing and disking and leveling by rotary, tobacco seedling was transplanted in the main field. In the current study the space between rows was 80 cm and between plants on rows was 50 cm. The area of every plot was 5×4 m2. Traits of leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR), cutters dry weight, nicotine content and ash leaves were evaluated. The data were analyzed by using version 9.1 SAS. Least Significant Difference test was used to compare the means at 1% of significance. Also, the figures were drawn by Excel 2010 software. Results The results indicated that the organic and chemical fertilizers increased leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), crop growth rate (CGR) and cutters dry weight. Among the treatments, chemical fertilizer had higher values of LAI, CGR and NAR. Maximum cutters dry weight (2833 kg ha-1) were obtained from chemical fertilizer (three fold increased compared to control treatment). After chemical fertilizer treatment, maximum values of LAI, CGR, NAR and cutters dry weight were obtained from the compost treatment. Vermicompost treatment had the highest nicotine content and the lowest ash leaves. The results of this study indicated chemical fertilizer and then compost treatments had the greatest effect on growth parameters and cutters dry weight, however, the qualitative characteristics of plants treated with vermicompost were better than other treatments. Discussions The difference in the growth indices and cutters dry weight between organic and chemical fertilizer treatments could be due to differences in the amount of mineral nitrogen available for plant. This increase in the chemical fertilizer treatments can be due to the positive effect of nitrogen on the dry matter changes and increasing the plant's leaf area. Thus, for better quality, vermicompost and for more dry matter production, chemical fertilizer or compost are recommended.

Evaluation of growth and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis) under organic and biological fertilizers toward organic production

M. Naiji; M.K. Souri

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 93-103

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11456

Abstract

Abstract Savory is one of the most important vegetables with high medicinal values whose growth is influenced by environmental factors including mineral nutrition. This study was done ... Read More

Evaluation of the effect of humic acid and vermicompost on yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars in tropical regions

Sh. Shahbazi; E. Fateh; A. Aynehband

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 99-110

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11323

Abstract

In order to evaluate the effect of humic acid and vermicompost on yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars in tropical regions, an experiment was conducted in the research ... Read More

The effect of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)

H. Neamati; M. Azizi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 23-34

Abstract

This experiment investigated the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera ... Read More

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Keywords = Vermicompost

Effect of Organic and Chemical Improvers Application on Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Water Deficit Stress Conditions

Abstract

Evaluating the Effect of Integrated Nutrition on Quantitative Yield and Essential Oil Percentage of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis)

Abstract

Effects of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on Some of Growth and Quality Indices of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.)

Abstract

Evaluation of growth and yield of savory (Satureja hortensis) under organic and biological fertilizers toward organic production

Abstract

Evaluation of the effect of humic acid and vermicompost on yield and yield components of three wheat cultivars in tropical regions

Abstract

The effect of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)

Abstract