Plant Productions - Articles List

The effect of foliar application of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and forchlorfenuron (CPPU) on some physiological and biochemical characteristics of strawberry cv. Camarosa

Naeimeh Soukht Saraei; Feryal Varasteh; Hamid Reza Sadeghipour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 08 September 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47877.2199

Abstract

Introduction Strawberry is one of the most popular fruits, accordingly, its maintenance and increased quality without using harmful chemical compounds is of great concern. Gamma-aminobutyric ... Read More Introduction Strawberry is one of the most popular fruits, accordingly, its maintenance and increased quality without using harmful chemical compounds is of great concern. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a four-carbon non-protein amino acid that affects plant growth activities, tricarboxylic acid cycle, production of primary and secondary metabolites, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Growth hormones, especially those growth regulators that increase photosynthesis and plant function, have good potential for agricultural development. The plant hormone cytokinin plays an effective role in controlling many vital processes, including plant growth and flowering. Cytokinins cause an increase in cell division, and therefore, if they are used in the initial stage of the sigmoid curve of fruit growth, when cell division is underway, they may increase the number of cells in each fruit. Materials and Methods The well-developed and consistent strawberry plantlets of the Camarosa cultivar were planted during October 2022 in Ramian County, Golestan province, Iran (UTM: 318446, 4092385). The foliar application of GABA solutions at 10 and 20 mM as well as control (water) was carried out at the flowering stage and 10 days later and the foliar application of forchlorfenuron )CPPU( solutions at 5 and 10 mg/L was carried out at the flowering stage. This research was conducted in the form of a complete randomized blocks design in three replications. Fruits were collected when they reached a consistent ripening stage, as characterized by change of fruit's surface color to red by more than 75% and were promptly transported to the laboratory for analysis. Root volume and weight, total sugar and leaf photosynthetic pigments, length, diameter and shape of fruit, percentage of malformed fruit, fruit firmness, total sugar, fruit color, total weight of harvested fruit and fruit cytokinin were assessed. Data analysis was done using SAS version 9.1 software and comparison of means was done through Duncan's multiple range test at the 1% probability level. Results and Discussion The analysis of variance of the data showed that the effect of GABA treatment at the probability level of 1% on root volume and weight, carotenoid and chlorophyll b of leaf, fruit firmness and the total weight of the harvested fruit at the probability level of 1% and on the total chlorophyll of leaf and percentage of malformed fruit at the probability level of 5% was significant. Leaf area, chlorophyll a, total leaf sugar, fruit length, diameter and length-to-diameter ratio were not affected by GABA spraying. Also, the effect of CPPU treatment was significant at 1% probability level on root volume and weight, leaf area, leaf carotenoid, fruit length and firmness, and percentage of malformed fruits, and at 5% probability level on chlorophyll a and total, fruit length to diameter ratio. Total sugar and chlorophyll b of leaf, fruit diameter and total weight of harvested fruit were not affected by CPPU solution. GABA treatment (20 mM) could increase the total weight of the harvested fruits from each experimental unit by 17%. Plants sprayed with CPPU had more leaf area compared to the control non-sprayed plants. The total chlorophyll amount of leaf increased with increasing GABA and CPPU concentration, and the highest leaf total chlorophyll was found in 20 mM GABA (1.384 mg/g) and 10 mg/L CPPU (1.430 mg/g). 10 mg/L CPPU treatment caused 107 and 59% increase in root volume and weight compared to the control, respectively. The highest fruit length (65.51 mm) and fruit length to diameter ratio (1.69) were obtained in plants sprayed with 10 mg/L CPPU. The highest firmness of the fruit tissue (1.96 N/cm2) was observed in plants sprayed with 20 mM GABA. Accordingly, GABA and CPPU treatments could significantly reduce the malformed fruit and the lowest was observed in CPPU treatment at a concentration of 10 mg/L. Also, both GABA and CPPU treatments had a significant effect on fruit color brightness index and total fruit sugar. Conclusion GABA and CPPU can act as a regulatory factor for plant growth and development. In general, the fruits obtained from plants sprayed with GABA and CPPU were of higher quality. Finally, according to the results, foliar spraying of Camarosa strawberry plants with 20 mM GABA and 10 mg/L CPPU is recommended in order to produce high-quality and long-lasting fruit.

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The Effect of Plant Growth Stimulous Bacteria and Amino Acids Application on Plant Characteristics, Yield Components and Quality Characteristics of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L. CV Agria)

mohammad dadashzadeh; Elnaz Farajzadeh Memari Tabrizi

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 397-408

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28009.1696

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Biofertilizers are now one of the most important inputs to increase agricultural production. The use of biofertilizers in potato production ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Biofertilizers are now one of the most important inputs to increase agricultural production. The use of biofertilizers in potato production could reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizers. On the other hand, previous studies have shown that the spraying of amino acids not only improves the growth and yield of plants, but also improves the activity of useful microorganisms. Materials and Methods The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of application of biofertilizers (non-application of fertilizers, application of pseudomonas, application of azotobacter, and application of azospirilium) and spraying of amino acids (non-spraying of amino acids, spraying with 2.5, and 3.75 g /L) on growth, yield, and nutrient uptake of potatoes. The study was carried out in Malek Azad University as a split plot based on the randomized complet block design with three replications in 2018. The studied traits in this study included the number of tubers per plant, length of tuber, number of tubers per plant, mean weight of tuber, tuber yield per m2, nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, and tuber protein percentage. Results Based on the results of this study, all traits except the percentage of phosphorus, the interaction of two factors such as biofertilizer, and the spraying of amino acids did not have a significant effect, but each of the studied factors had a significant effect on the growth and yield of potatoes. The yield of potato plants affected by spraying with a concentration of 3.75 g / l of water increased by 44.6% due to an increase in the average weight of the tubers (7.7%) and the number of produced tubers (32.2%) was in the bush. The application of biofertilizer increased the yield of both functional components, the average weight of the tuber and the number of tubers on potato tuber yields. Azotobacter application treatments and Azosperilium application increased the potato tuber yield by 29.6 and 34.1%, respectively. Potato leaf area was not affected by amino acid spraying, but the biofertilizer had a positive effect on this trait. The percentage of protein in potato tubers also increased by the influence of amino acid spraying and the application of bio-fertilizer. Discussion Both spraying agents of amino acids and biofertilizer had a positive effect on the dry weight of potato leaves. Improving the assemilation of carbon dioxide in leaves due to the use of amino acids and biofertilizers was probably due to increased potato growth and yield. The results of this study showed that soluble treatments with a concentration of 3.75 g / L of water, application of Azotobacter and application of Azospirilium could have an effective role in increasing potato yield.

The Study of Changes in Phytochemical Compounds of Date Fruit cv. Barhee During Development and Ripening

Solaleh Najafi Marghmaleki; Mohamadhasan Mortazavi; Hossein Motamedi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 563-574

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26170.1611

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Studying phytochemical changes of fruits is very important for plant physiologists and pomologists. Date is an important horticultural fruit ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Studying phytochemical changes of fruits is very important for plant physiologists and pomologists. Date is an important horticultural fruit in Iran mainly produced in southern regions. Barhee is considered one of the most important date palm cultivars. The fruit of cv. Barhee can be harvested and consumed at different maturation stages including Khalal, Rutab and Tamar. In the present study, the biochemical alterations of date fruit cv. Barhee during development and ripening stages were studied. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Sampling was done at Date Palm Research Institute Collection Orchard located in Ahvaz. First, fruits were harvested in five different developmental stages including late Kimri, Khalal, mainly Khalal, mainly Rutab, fully Rutab and Tamar. The fruits were then transferred to Quality Analysis Lab of Department of Horticultural Science at Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz. Selected uniform fruits were used for the analysis of different phytochemical compounds. Chlorophyll, carotenoid, starch, soluble sugars, phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity were analysed using spectrophotometric methods. The type and concentration of sugars, organic acids, and phenolics were assessed using HPLC. Also, vitamin C content was determined by titration againt DCIP dye. Results The results showed that soluble sugars increased significantly during ripening stages, and glucose and fructose were the main detected sugars for Barhee cultivar. The amount of sucrose was negligible. The acidity of the fruit increased at initial growth stages and then decreased gradually till Rutab stage. At the end of ripening process and at Tamar stage, the amount of organic acid content increased to 2.45 mg/g FW. Among the detected organic acids, acetic acid was dominant in Tamar stage, while in the earlier stages malic acid was considered the main organic acid. Other major investigated compounds, including flavonoids, chlorophylls, carotenoids, starch and vitamin C decreased during the development. Different compounds including p-cinamic, gintistic, gallic, chlorogenic, vanilic, caffeic, syringic and p-cumaric acids were detected by HPLC evaluation of phenolic acids. Among them, gallic acid was the dominant, and the trend was incremental during the development of fruit. Discussion Comparing the current results with published data for other date cultivars shows that there are considerable differences in biochemical compounds among different cultivars. In this cultivar, the increasing trend of accumulation of soluble sugars, organic acids, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity during ripening stages from late Kimri to Rutab and Tamar stage makes the fruit an important source of essential nutrients.

The Effect of Potassium and Nano-Potassium on Some Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Asiatic Lilium Hybrid cv. Tresor

Fereshteh Abbasi; Alireza Khaleghi; Ali Khadivi

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 253-264

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.24505.1553

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium is one of the most important bulbous plants produced as cut flowers and pot plants. In order to increase the quality of flowers, all ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Lilium is one of the most important bulbous plants produced as cut flowers and pot plants. In order to increase the quality of flowers, all plants should be fertilized correctly. Potassium is one of the elements that play a very important role in the quality and performance of ornamental flowers. Nano fertilizers increase nutrient efficiency, reduce soil toxicity, minimize the potential negative effects associated with overdosage, and are an effective step toward achieving sustainable and environmentally sustainable agriculture. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of potassium and nano-potassium fertilizers on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of Asiatic Lilium Hybrid cv. Tresor. Materials and Methods In the current study, the effect of foliar spraying of different concentrations of potassium (0, 1, 2, and 4 mM) and nano-potassium (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 mM) was investigated on qualitative and quantitative traits of lily cut flower "Tresor" at the four stages of pre-harvest. The traits included a number of buds and leaves, bud length, bud diameter, stem length, stem diameter, length and width of leaves, fresh and dry weight of stems and leaves, flower longevity, peduncle length and diameter, dry matter percent of stems and leaves, ionic leakage, chlorophyll index and content of carotenoids, Flavonoids, anthocyanins, and chlorophyll a, b, and total. Results The result showed that there are significant differences between different spraying treatments and the number of buds, stems fresh weight, and ionic leakage. The highest stem fresh weight was observed by the 0.5mM nano-potassium, while the largest number of buds, the highest cells stability, and the lowest ionic leakage were achieved by the 4mM potassium. In regard to the traits of chlorophyll content, Carotenoid, Anthocyanin, and Flavonoid, there were no significant differences between the treatments of potassium and the nano-potassium. Also, the 4mM potassium and the 2mM nano-potassium showed the longest vase life. Considering the fact that the number of buds in the Lily is the most important trait, the 2 mM nano-potassium is recommended as the best treatment for spraying to feeding potassium. Discussion The foliar application of potassium and nano-potassium enhanced stem fresh weight and vase life of cut flower lilies and reduced ionic leakage compared to the control. Also, the largest number of buds was achieved by the 4 mM potassium. These results are in agreement with previous studies on carnation, Narcissus, and lily. Potassium is vital to many plant processes. Potassium plays a major role in the transport of water and nutrients throughout the plant in the xylem. Potassium is required for every major step of protein synthesis. Also, the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of starch (starch synthetase), which is activated by K. Briefly potassium, plays signiﬁcant roles in enhancing the crop quality. High levels of available K improve the physical quality, disease resistance, and shelf life of crops.

Efficacy of some calcium salts foliar spray on growth and biochemical parameters of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

M. Ghesmati; F. Moradinezhad; M. Khayat

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.21173.1447

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. Normally about one week after harvesting, a considerable loss occurs in picked fruits. Plant nutrition, during growth and developmental stages influence the quality of many fruits. Calcium is one of the most important elements that can affect quantity, quality, storability and market of many horticultural crops. Although South Khorasan province is located in arid areas, it has lime soils with enough calcium for plant growth and development. However, due to low mobility of calcium from soil to plant, calcium deficiency is common in horticultural plants. Thus, pre-harvest spray with minerals like calcium salts can be useful for reducing postharvest losses during handling and storage. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different calcium salts spray on physicochemical properties and quality of fresh jujube fruit. Materials and Methods Twenty jujube trees, eight years old, were sprayed with calcium salts twice, mid of June and early in July 2016 in a commercial orchard in Birjand, South Khorasan province. Experimental treatments were distilled water (control), calcium chloride (0.5 and 1%) and calcium nitrate (0.5 and 1%). Sprays were done at two stages of fruit growth and development, cell division (3 mm fruit diameter), and 20 days later in full cell enlargement stage. Fresh fruit was harvested at a crisp mature (white-red) stage early in August. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised block design with four replications, and each replicate included 500 g of fresh fruit. Data were analysed using SAS program (ver. 8) and comparison of means was made with LSD test at 1 and 5% probability. Results Physiochemical properties of harvested fruit including fresh fruit weight, dry matter, fruit length and diameter, firmness, total soluble solids, pH, carotenoids, total phenol, and calcium content were evaluated. The results showed that calcium nitrate application at 0.5% significantly increased fruit fresh weight, dry matter and fruit length and diameter compared to control. Also, fruits that were sprayed with calcium chloride at 0.5% concentration had higher firmness, carotenoids and total phenol. The highest total soluble solids and calcium content values were obtained in treated fruit with calcium chloride (1%). Although different calcium salts spray had no significant effect on juice pH. Discussion In general, it can be concluded that physical fruit parameters were affected by calcium nitrate, while calcium chloride spray had a greater impact on chemical and nutritional quality aspects of fruit. Although calcium chloride at 0.5% was more effective on chemical factors, however, it was not significantly different with calcium chloride 1% treatment. Among different treatments, calcium nitrate at 0.5% had the highest effect on physical properties of jujube fruit. Therefore, it can be concluded that spraying of jujube fruit trees during fruit growth and developmental stages with both calcium salts at 0.5% concentration have beneficial effects as they improve the most important physical and chemical parameters of fresh jujube fruit.

Evaluation of fruit physico-chemical characteristics of new mandarins - Noushin (Citrus reticulata cv. Noushin) and Shahin (Citrus reticulata cv. Shahin) - during different harvesting time

J. Fattahi Moghadam; S. E. Seyed Ghasemi; K. Najafi

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 77-90

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13441

Abstract

Background and objectives: According to a breeding program carry out in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center (Ramsar), ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ mandarins ... Read More Background and objectives: According to a breeding program carry out in Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Center (Ramsar), ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ mandarins were created from crossing between Clemantin mandarin×Salustiana orange and Clemantin mandarin×Hamlin orange, respectively. The fruits of this new varieties on Sour orange rootstock did not study yet, completely. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the Noushin and Shahin physico-chemical characteristics on Sour orange rootstock during two years. Materials and methods: ‘Noushin’ sampled from October to December during three months. ‘Shahin’ fruits were collected from October to February (5 times) as monthly. Various physico-chemical characteristics evaluated including fruit lenght, width, thickness; arithmetic, geometric, equivalent and harmonic diametrics means; aspect ratio, sphericity, surface area, true volume, apparent volume, volume error, density, peel thickness, Easy of peeling, weight, juice percentage, seed number, peel color indices (L*, a*, b*, hue angle, chroma and CCI), total soluble solid (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), technological index (TI) during experiment. Results: The results showed that fruit size, arithmetic, geometric, equivalent and harmonic means of both varieties had not significantly (p<0.01) changes from the first to final time of harvesting. There was a positive correlation between fruit sphericity and arithmetic, geometric, equivalent diametric means. Fruit of ‘Shahin’ had high aspect ratio, less sphericity and low density (<1). Fruit density showed an increasing trend during the harvest time. The green colour of peel in ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ changed to orange colour at the last week of November and December, respectively. Based on citrus colour index (CCI), no cultivars necessary to de-greening after the last week of November. The TSS:TA ratio was optimum for harvesting in late of October (9.81) in ‘Noushin’ and at the last week of December (8.32) in ‘Shahin’. Although the technology index in both varieties had not significantly (p<0.01) changes from the first to final harvesting but it was high in ‘Shahin’ with 50 percent nearly. The peel thickness in ‘Noushin’ and ‘Shahin’ was 3 and 2 mm respectively which had not significantly (p<0.01) changes during harvesting time. The seed number in ‘Noushin’ was 19 to 27 and in Shahin was 15 to 35 that revealed both of them belonged to high seed content category. Conclusion: According to TSS:TA ratio index, ‘Noushin’ as an early ripening variety can harvested in the last October and ‘Shahin’ as mid ripening variety can harvested in late of December. Both of varieties is sutaible for the north of Iran climate. Based on juice percentage and TI data, the amount of juice with about 50% was higher in ‘Shahin’ that sutaible for prosessing industries. Due to empty space inside the fruit skin and flesh of ‘Noushin’ and low dansity (<1), fruits are floating on washing water during prosessing. The skin colour was green in both of varity in late of October. Becase of TSS:TA ratio is sutaible at this time in ‘Noushin’, there fore growers can harvested ‘Noushin’ variety with green skin colour in late of October but ‘Shahin’ must be remained on tree until late December.

Effects of Harvesting Time and Fruit Size on Physical and Biochemical Properties of Pomegranate Fruit cv. ‘Rabab Neiriz’ in Ghalletol-Baghmalak

Fatemh rashno nuzhad; norola moallemi; seyad mohamad hasan Mortazavi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 27-38

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12065

Abstract

Background and Objectives Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a nonclimacteric fruit rcent respectively. In general, the results of the present study confirmed that the medium fruit size ... Read More

Effect of Foliar Spray with Ascorbic acid on Some Qualitative Characteristics and Improving Color of Apple Fruit (Malus domestica cv. Red Spur)

Alireza Farokhzad; m Asghari

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 113-125

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12062

Abstract

Background and Objectives Low quality of fruits is one of the most important problems in marketing of apple fruits. Recently the use of organic compounds such as ascorbic acid in order ... Read More

Effect of salicylic acid and storage time on quality of mango fruits (Mangifera indica L.)

A.M. Dastjerdi; N. Moradi; E. Rezazadeh; M. Heidari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 27-36

Abstract

The effects of different levels of salicylic acid (0, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg. l -1) and three time periods (7, 14 and 21 days) were studied on quality of mango fruits (total soluble ... Read More

Preliminary Evaluation of Fruits Characteristics in Selected Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Trees in Minab, (Hormozgan Province), Iran

M. Abbasy; M. Heidari; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 117-129

Abstract

The Effect of Different Drying Methods on Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Five Yarrow Species (Achillea)

A GH; M A

Volume 32, Issue 1 , September 2009, , Pages 1-11

Abstract

Drying method has an important role on medicinal plants production and affect quality of derived drugs. In order to study the different drying methods on some Achillea species, an experiment ... Read More

Volume 47 (2024)

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Quality

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