Plant Productions

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids under infection with cyst nematode

Jamshid Soltani Idaliki; Hassan Hamidi; Mozhdeh Kakueinezhad; Masoud Ahmadi; Javad Rezai

Volume 46, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 319-334

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42990.2081

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionCystic nematode is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and extent of this nematode in Iran and in order to prevent its damage, ... Read More AbstractIntroductionCystic nematode is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and extent of this nematode in Iran and in order to prevent its damage, it is recommended to use resistant cultivars. The prerequisite for the development of resistant cultivars is the presence of resistant genotypes. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative yield of new sugar beet hybrids and determining their agronomic value in the field with natural infection under sugar beet cyst nematode in Razavi Khorasan province. Materials and MethodsIn order to determine the agronomic value of advanced sugar beet hybrids, 15 new domestic hybrids along with two resistant (Aria) and sensitive (Sharif) control cultivars were evaluated during the years 2020 and 2021 in the field infected with cystic nematode in Torogh Agricultural Research Station (Mashhad) in the form of randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The investigation of resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode of 17 genotypes was also carried out under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Muller's method was used to evaluate cultivars under greenhouse conditions. After performing the homogeneity of variances test through Bartlett's test, composite analysis of two years' data was done. By using correlation coefficients between measured parameters, their relationships were compared to each other. In order to group the experimental materials, Ward's cluster analysis was used. LSD test was used at the probability level of five percent to compare the mean of the traits. Results and DiscussionThe combined analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the hybrids in terms of all traits. Mean comparison showed that hybrid SBSI 126 had the highest root yield (57.91 tonha-1). In addition, this hybrid had higher values of sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield than the resistant control cultivar (Aria) as well as the average of all genotypes. The SBSI 138 hybrid had the lowest values of root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar content and white sugar content, and it was the most sensitive genotype to cyst nematode among the genotypes after the sensitive control variety (Sharif). The results of cluster analysis in the field experiment showed that hybrids SBSI 126, SBSI 129 and SBSI 128 had high yield potential and were placed in one cluster.Correlation coefficients of studied traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation (0.97) was found between root yield and sugar yield and the highest negative and significant correlation (-0.93) was also obtained between extraction coefficient of sugar and sugar beet molasses. There was a positive and significant correlation at the level of 1%between white sugar yield and root yield (0.85), sugar content (0.40), sugar yield (0.95), potassium (0.57), nitrogen (0.51) and molasses sugar percentage (0.25). While a negative and significant correlation was observed between white sugar yield and alkalinity coefficient (-0.52) at the level of 1%. In this research, there was a significant difference at the level of 1% between the evaluated genotypes in greenhouse conditions in terms of female index of the cyst nematode (FI). The results of cultivar grouping according to Schmidt and Shannon showed that the SBSI 126 genotype with the lowest index (11.66%) has the highest resistance among genotypes. ConclusionIn general, the results showed that the SBSI 126 hybrid can be recommended as a cyst nematode-resistant hybrid for growing in infected fields due to its resistance and high white sugar yield..

Study of Silique Shattering Tolerance Genetic and Related Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape Genotypes Using Diallel Cross Method

Mostafa Eidi Kohnaki; ghaffar kiani; Bahram Alizadeh; Ghorban Ali Nemat Zadeh; Hassan Amiri Oghan

Volume 44, Issue 1 , June 2021, , Pages 65-76

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.28332.1714

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough the opening of the silique is a valuable mechanism for the distribution of seeds in nature, it is also a significant problem in oilseed rape ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAlthough the opening of the silique is a valuable mechanism for the distribution of seeds in nature, it is also a significant problem in oilseed rape cultivation. Seed shedding from siliques at and after maturity is commonly referred to as pod shatter, and it reduces the grain yield of oilseed rape (Brassica napus). This factor, also called dehiscence, can cause losses of up to 50% of potential grain yield if harvesting is delayed and in adverse weather conditions. As a general consideration, canola is susceptible to shattering, and there is little genetic diversity associated with silique shattering tolerance in its commercial lines hence, increasing shatter tolerance is an important breeding objective. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, eleven parents were used to generate 55 hybrids. The experiment was carried out as a complete randomized block design with three replications at the seed and plant improvement institute. Silique Shattering Tolerance Index (SSTI) using Random Impact Test (RIT) and other related traits were measured during 2018. Griffing's model I of method II was used for the analysis of variance and the estimation of genetic parameters. Correlation coefficients for the studied traits and other calculations were performed using the SPSS software and Excel program. ResultsAnalysis of variance of genotypes showed high genetic diversity for the studied traits. Similarly, the general and specific combining ability variances were significant for most traits such as grain yield and the silique shattering tolerance index. This indicates the contribution of additive and non-additive effects in the genetic control of these traits. The general heritability of the studied traits was observed in the range of 78.81% to 93.87%. Correlation coefficients of traits showed a positive and significant correlation between silique shattering tolerance index with grain yield and oil content. Moreover, Zarfam and ES Artist with a good performance and silique shattering tolerance index are considered the best general combiners. Okapi×Zarfam, Nafis×ES Artist, Ahmadi×Nafis, Ahmadi×ES Neptune, Zarfam×ES Neptune, Nafis×ES Natalie, and Nima×ES Natalie are recommended as the best specific combinations for mechanized oilseed rape harvest and improvement of the shattering tolerance trait. DiscussionLow specific heritability of grain yield can be due to the more outstanding contribution of non-additive effects than additive effects. Various research studied variable estimation for general and specific combining ability and other parameters due to the difference in genetic materials and different weather conditions.

Effect of Plant Density on Seed Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Some Guilan Local Bean Lines

M. Zendedel_Sabet; P. Sharifi; M. Gholami

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 1-12

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.21148.1445

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Grain legumes, as a protein-rich food, play an important role in human nutrition, especially in developing countries. Common bean, being a leguminous ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Grain legumes, as a protein-rich food, play an important role in human nutrition, especially in developing countries. Common bean, being a leguminous and short duration crop, may be used as a soil improving crop in rotation and in cropping system. Among the various factors that contribute to the attainment of potential yield of common bean, optimum plant spacing or plant population is one of the important factors. Optimization of plant density for highly new yielding lines by following suitable inter as well as intra row spacing is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant density on yield and agronomic traits of some Guilan local bean lines. Materials and Methods This field experiment was carried out in split plot based on randomized complete block design with three replications in 2014-2015 growing season at Guilan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and EducationCenter. The main factor was plant density at three levels (33, 16 and 11 plants per m2) and the split factor was five Guilan local bean lines (Gd91-7, Gd91-8, Gc91-9, Gd91-15 and Gd91-18). Results Analysis of variance showed that the effect of plant density was significant on dry seed yield, dry seed yield to pod yield ratio and biological yield per unit area. The effect of line was significant on plant height, pod length, seed length, pod yield per unit area, dry seed yield per plant, dry seed yield to pod yield ratio, harvest index and 100-seed weight. The interaction effect of the two factors was significant on the pod lenght, pod yield per unit area, dry seed yield per plant and 100-seed weight. The highest value of seed yield (11.44 g plant-1) was obtained in Gd91-8 at the density of 33 plants per m2. The highest (316.5 g m-2) and lowest (67.42 g m-2) values of dry seed yield was obtained at the density of 33 plants per m2 and 11 plants per m2, respectively. The highest values of green pods yield (1101.84 g m-2) was obtained in Gd91-15 at a density of 33 plants per m2. Discussion The reduction of dry seed yield per plant in 33 plants per m2 density in comparison to 16 plants per m2 for Gd91-18 and Gc91-9 and in 11 plants per m2 for Gd91-7 seems to be due to restricted access to the sun radiation or dietary lemitations and genotypic characteristics. Other reasons for the decrease of grain yield per plant at high densities can be the reduction of the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length and 100 seed weight. Gd91-8 as a superior line according to triats such as plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length, dry seed yield and green pod yield and can be used for breeding programes as a suitable line.

Performance of Sugar Beet Hybrids in Different Levels of Rhizomania Disease Severity

R. Mohammadian; S.B Mahmoudi; H Shahbazi; S Darabi; A. Pedram

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 27-42

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12053

Abstract

Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection ... Read More Background and Objectives In Iran, about half of the sugar beet fields are infected by Rhizomania disease and the severity of infection in various regions is different. Then the selection of appropriate varieties which could have high yields in different infected conditions is important. Material and method To compare promised resistant hybrids to rhizomania in different conditions of infection to the disease levels, an experiment was conducted in four regions including disease free and infected areas with different infection levels. In the this study, 19 monogerm diploid hybrids resistant to rhizomania were compared with foreign and domestic resistant varieties in randomized complete block design with four replications. In the disease free location, the percentage of seedlings emergence in domestic genotypes relative to the average of foreign resistance varieties, leaf number, leaf arrangement, green intensity and uniformity of crops were determined in the early growing season. At the harvest time in infected areas, the disease severity index was determined. In all areas, number, yield and quality of roots in each treatment were measured. Results Results confirmed that disease intensity of experimental regions was different. There was a significant variation among promising hybrids in the investigated properties. Discussion Generally, with increasing disease severity, root number, root yield, sugar yield, sugar content and nitrogen of roots were significantly reduced. In contrast, the gross amount of sodium and potassium increased in roots. Hybrid SB26 because of high root numbers, root yield, sugar content and sugar yield and low sodium content of root as well as low disease severity was chosen as a superior hybrid. The results of this study confirmed that also in condition of disease free, a resistant variety has better quantitative and qualitative characteristics in comparison to a susceptible variety.

Evaluation of some quantity and quality properties of 11 Ziziphus genotypes fruit of Hormozgan province

S. Rastegar; H. Hassanzadeh Khankahdani

Volume 38, Issue 3 , December 2015, , Pages 105-111

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11458

Abstract

Abstract Savory is one of the most important vegetables with high medicinal values whose growth is influenced by environmental factors including mineral nutrition. This study was done ... Read More

The effect of culture media and cytokinin on the primary steps of walnut micro propagation, selected genotype 305

Sh. Mohamadi Nejad; M. Gholami; M. Esna Ashari

Volume 37, Issue 3 , December 2014, , Pages 83-92

Abstract

This research was conducted through a factorial experiment with two factors including culture media (DKW and WPM) and Benzyl Adenine (BA) at three concentrations (0: control, 0.5 and ... Read More

Nitrate and Nitrite Accumulation in Iranian Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Landraces

S.A. Eftekhari; M. Heidari

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 89-98

Abstract

There is considerable concern that use of high nitrate and nitrite containing vegetables such as spinach could cause diseases. This research was conducted with the objective of examining ... Read More There is considerable concern that use of high nitrate and nitrite containing vegetables such as spinach could cause diseases. This research was conducted with the objective of examining the nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) accumulation in the aerial parts (leaves and petiols) of 44 Iranian spinach (Spinaciaoleracea L.) land races that were obtained from field grown plants. Statistical analysis was conducted by using standard procedures for a randomized complete block design (44 treatments and 3 replications). Nitrate and nitrite contents in the aerial part of samples were determined using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric. Results indicated that the nitrate content in the aerial part of Iranian spinach land races ranged from 3526.5 to 8806.5 μg.g-1 dry weight. The ‘Saleh Abad’ (from ‘Qom’), ‘Rehnan’ (from ‘Isfahan’), ‘Sar Asyab-1’ (from ‘Kerman’), ‘Sirjan’ (from ‘Kerman’), ‘Qazvin’, ‘Zanjan-2’ and ‘Khoram Abad’ were found to contain maximum accumulation on nitrate (8806.5 to 7092 μg.g-1 dry weight). Nitrate concentration in leaves of ‘Sar Asyab-2’ (from ‘Kerman’) and ‘Mahan’ (from ‘Kerman’) was significantly low (3526.5 to 3594 μg.g-1 dry weight, respectively). The nitrite contents were lower (between 73.8 to 188.7 μg.g-1 dry weight( than nitrate content in all Iranian spinach land races. The different spinach land races show the significant effect on the nitrite contents in this study. Spinach land races which were collected from ‘Khoram Abad’, ‘Varamin-1’, ‘Mahan’, ‘Bojnord-1’, ‘Qom’, ‘Sari-2’and ‘Ravar’ (from ‘Kerman’) showed the lowest average of nitrate contents among other land races, with a range of 73.8 to 89.51 μg.g-1 dry weight. While the highest nitrite content in spinach land races were with a range of 188.7 to 163.1 μg.g-1 for ‘Sar Asyab-1’ (from ‘Kerman’), ‘Yazd’, ‘Hamedan’, ‘Karaj’ and ‘Bor An’(from ‘Isfahan’). Results indicated that the mean of nitrate or nitrite content in these land races were statistically significant.The variation of nitrate content in the leaves of Iranian spinach land races also make them ideal for breeding program.

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Some Iranian Land Races of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

S. Esfandiyari Bayat; S.A. Eftekhari; M. Heidari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

This study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of different levels of nitrogen on nitrate reductase activity, nitrate content and vegetative growth (based on shoot and root dry ... Read More

The evaluation of some physiological and biochemical variations of salt water irrigation tolerance in three canola genotypes

F Tahmasebi; P. Hassibi; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 75-86

Abstract

The study of biochemical and physiological variations under salinity stress conditions may provide a means to understand effective factors in salinity stress conditions. In order to ... Read More

Preliminary Evaluation of Fruits Characteristics in Selected Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Trees in Minab, (Hormozgan Province), Iran

M. Abbasy; M. Heidari; M.H. Daneshvar

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 117-129

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Keywords = genotype

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids under infection with cyst nematode

Abstract

Study of Silique Shattering Tolerance Genetic and Related Traits in Winter Oilseed Rape Genotypes Using Diallel Cross Method

Abstract

Effect of Plant Density on Seed Yield and Morphological Characteristics of Some Guilan Local Bean Lines

Abstract

Performance of Sugar Beet Hybrids in Different Levels of Rhizomania Disease Severity

Abstract

Evaluation of some quantity and quality properties of 11 Ziziphus genotypes fruit of Hormozgan province

Abstract

The effect of culture media and cytokinin on the primary steps of walnut micro propagation, selected genotype 305

Abstract

Nitrate and Nitrite Accumulation in Iranian Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Landraces

Abstract

Effect of Nitrogen on Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Some Iranian Land Races of Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)

Abstract

The evaluation of some physiological and biochemical variations of salt water irrigation tolerance in three canola genotypes

Abstract

Preliminary Evaluation of Fruits Characteristics in Selected Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Trees in Minab, (Hormozgan Province), Iran

Abstract