Plant Productions

The Study on Gene Expression of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Reductase (HMGR) and γ-Terpinene Synthesis in Thymus Vulgaris L. Under Water Deficit Stress

Fatemeh Mirzaei; Ahmad Ismaili; Foad Fatehi; Ardeshir Ghaderi; Soheila Afkar

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 165-180

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.20928.1436

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural crop production. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant which ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Drought is a major abiotic stress that limits agricultural crop production. Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an aromatic and medicinal plant which is very important for the herbal industry. This study was aimed to investigate the variation some of the secondary metabolites and morphological traits as well as changes in expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of thymol (including HMGR and TPS2) by real-time PCR. One of the main goals of the present study was to find out the relationship between the transcript of these genes and related metabolites in thyme. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in the greenhouse of Iranian Institute of Medicinal Plants of Jahad Daneshgahi (Karaj, Iran) in 2016. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with 5 replication and 4 water deficit stress treatments, including 100% (T1, control), 70% (T2, mild stress), 40% (T3, moderate stress), and 20% (T4, severe stress) of field capacity (FC). Total RNA was extracted from leaves using TRIzol reagent following the manufacturer’s instructions. First strand synthesis of cDNA was performed immediately using 1 µg of total RNA with simultaneous use of oligo-dT (50 µM) primers and random hexamer and reverse transcriptase enzyme following the manufacturer protocol. In order to examine gene expression by real-time PCR, the method of fluorescence dye SYBR green (Fermentase, USA) was used. The amount of thymol and carvacrol were measured by HPLC. Results Results of morphological traits showed that increasing the water deficit stress caused a decrease in root biomass, shoot fresh weight, plant height, root length, and the number of side branches. Results of gene expression profiling showed that the highest expression of TPS2 and HMGR genes and the highest amount of thymol and carvacrol was obtained in treatment T2 (70% FC). Discussion TPS2 and HMGR gene expression changes were similar to the changes of monoterpenes thymol and carvacrol in all treatments and the highest number of monoterpenes and gene expression were obtained in mild water deficit stress treatment in comparison with control, moderate, and severe stresses. Altogether, according to the results of this study, mild stress had a significant effect on increasing the expression of HMGR and TPS2 and led to a higher production of monoterpenes.

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

A. Hajiali; R. Darvishzadeh; B. Zahedi; J. Abbaskohpayegani

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12555

Abstract

Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of ... Read More Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation among Iranian watermelon accessions originating from different regions of the country by morphological traits. Materials and Methods Sixteen accessions together with two commercial watermelon cultivars were planted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Urmia in 2013.Fifteen traits including leaf length, leaf width, plant length, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit mass, fruit skin, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, pH, TSS and yield were assessed on the studied accessions. During fruit ripening, four fruits from each plot were randomly selected and the traits were measured according to InternationalBoard for PlantGenetic Resources Institute descriptor. The TSS was assessed by using refractometer and the pH by using pH meter. Results Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between genotypes for all studied traits except for pH, stem length and number of fruits per plant. According to the results, fruit yield ranged from 24626 kg h-1 in Charleston Gray genotype to 13444 kg h-1 in Hamedan 817 accession. The percentage of TSS varied from 9.27% in Crimson sweet genotype to 5.1% in Khorasan 806 accession and fruit pH varied from 5.63 in Hamedan 817 accession to 4.78 in Charleston Gray genotype. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits, indicating the significant effects of environmental effects. The highest positive correlation (0.968) was observed between pulp weight and fruit weight and the highest negative one (-0.815) was observed between TSS and seed length. The highest heritability was seen for 100 seed weight and the lowest one for pH. Cluster analysis with Ward method, classified the studied accessions in to three different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 3. Discussions The results revealed a rather high level of genetic polymorphism and wide genetic variation between accessions, which offer valuable information for conservation and management of genetic resources and utilizing them in watermelon breeding programs. The genetic distance between accessions is a valuable parameter to conserve and use a given germplasm in breeding activities. It was proved that crosses between unrelated and genetically distant parents will show more power hybrid than crosses between genotypes closely related.

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

A. Mahdipour; S. Khavari Khorasani; H. Hamidi; E. Azizi

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 103-118

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12045

Abstract

Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures ... Read More Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures and wrinkled when it dries. The efficiency of maize breeding programs would be significantly enhanced if superior crosses could be predicted before field evaluation based on screening of parental inbred lines. Even though remarkable advances in maize breeding have been achieved, field trials involve significant resources and are time consuming. However, field tests still have an irreplaceable role in modern hybrid breeding programs. Determining performances of maize inbred lines as potential hybrid parents in field experiments based on combining ability of inbred lines and heritability of traits that are related to grain yield is very important in breeding programs. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. The experimental materials were 37 sweet corn genotypes consisting of 18 inbred lines and 19 single cross hybrids that were evaluated in complete block design (CRD) with three replications. In each plot, seeds were planted in two 5m length rows with 75cm between two rows. The final plant density was 7.6 plants per square meter. The measured traits were some of morphological and phenological characteristics, yield and yield components that were recorded for 10 competitive plants or ears in each experimental plot. Analysis of variance was performed by SAS ver 9.1. Means with significant differences were compared using Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results The results showed significant differences between different sweet corn genotypes for all studied traits (p≤0.01). The mean comparison showed that hybrid Temptation* chase with 26.273 ton/ha has the highest conservable grain yield. Also, the highest heritability belonged to tassel length with 96.63 %. The most yield heterosis and heteroblitiosis were 280.72 and 337.1 percent in genotype Temptation 2* Chase, respectively. The cluster analysis divided genotypes to 4 clusters with inbred lines located in A and B clusters and single cross hybrids in C and D clusters. Discussion We concluded that the selected elite single cross hybrids like Temptation*Chase can be used as good candidates for final comparison yield trials in future breeding programs.

Determination of plant diversity using morphological characters and path analysis in dill germplasms

Z. Fathalipoor; D. Nabati Ahmadi; H. Rajabi Memari; A. Siahpoosh; F. Sedighi Dehkordi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 57-67

Abstract

The most important composition character within a plant breeding program is to have type and amount of genetic diversity. In addition to using a visual approach and genetic tools to ... Read More

An Investigation into of High Level Co2 Concentration on Anatomical and Morphological Traits in Floss Flower (Ageratum houstonianum)

M. Shoor; z. Karimian Fariman

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 69-79

Abstract

The Floss flower is one of the most important ornamental plants that is cultured as a bedding plant. In this study, anatomical and morphological traits, and earliness of Floss flower ... Read More

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Nitrogen on Forage Quantity and Quality Yield of Sweet Corn

A M; H B; A Y; S M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 43-54

Abstract

In order to study the influence of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on forage quantity and quality yield and some morphological traits of sweet cornan experiment ... Read More

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Keywords = Morphological traits

The Study on Gene Expression of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Reductase (HMGR) and γ-Terpinene Synthesis in Thymus Vulgaris L. Under Water Deficit Stress

Abstract

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract

Determination of plant diversity using morphological characters and path analysis in dill germplasms

Abstract

An Investigation into of High Level Co2 Concentration on Anatomical and Morphological Traits in Floss Flower (Ageratum houstonianum)

Abstract

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Nitrogen on Forage Quantity and Quality Yield of Sweet Corn

Abstract