Plant Productions - Articles List

Investigate the Possibility of Early Prediction of Sweet Cherry Graft Incompatibility by in vitro Techniques

Arezoo Jalali; Ebrahim Ganji Moghaddam; Ali Marjani

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 287-298

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.37508.1982

Abstract

IntroductionGraft compatibility is one of the most problems in fruit tree. Determination graft compatibility, it may last a long time but it was achieved in a short time by in vitro ... Read More IntroductionGraft compatibility is one of the most problems in fruit tree. Determination graft compatibility, it may last a long time but it was achieved in a short time by in vitro techniques. Plants increase their capacity antioxidant rapidly when stress occurs to increase resistance and tolerance to the conditions created. Since grafting in plants is also considered a form of stress, this way. It can be said that the plant's ability to disperse excess energy and neutralize free radicals is impaired, thus increasing the antioxidant capacity to increase the resistance to stress, so in incompatible grafts increases phenolic compounds and peroxidase to minimize oxidative damage compared to compatible grafts. This study Investigation the possibility of early determination of grafting (in) compatibility of sweet cherry by compare phenolic compound and peroxidase activity in vitro techniques. Materials and MethodsTwo factorial experiment was carried out on the base of completely randomized design with three replications. Treatments including the first factor, four levels of sweet cherry cultivars “Bing’’, “Takdaneh”, “Siyah Mashhad”, and “Adli” and the second factor, four levels of rootstocks Gisela-5, Gisela-6 (compatibility control), Mahaleb-168, and GF-305 (incompatibility control). Measurement of total phenolic compounds was determind according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method (Singleton et al., 1999). Antioxidant enzyme extraction was determined with the method of Mac Adam (1992) with some modifications. Analysis of variance was carried out by SAS software ver. 9.1 and mean comparison was conducted using LSD test. Results and DiscussionThe result showed that the highest and lowest percentage of grafting were “Bing” cultivar on Gisela-6 rootstock with an average of 64.21% and “Bing” cultivar on GF-305 rootstock of 1.1%. The highest number of leaves and longitudinal growth of scion was in “Bing” cultivar on Gisela-6. The highest number of roots and root lengths were in “Takdaneh” cultivar on Gisela-6 and “Bing” on Gisela-6. The highest amount of total phenol at the graft union was GF-305 and the lowest at the graft union was Gisela-5. The highest and lowest of peroxidase were at the graft union of “Bing” on-G5-305 and “Bing” and “Siyah mashhad” on Gisela. In general, the highest levels of total phenol and peroxidase at the graft union were higher on the GF-305 incompatible rootstock than Gisela-6 compatible rootstock. Therefore, our finding leads to the conclusion that phenolic compounds and peroxidase activity can be used to pre-screen for incompatible grafts. In general, the amount of total phenol in the grafts made on Gisela-6 (compatible control) and Gisela-5 rootstocks was less than GF-305 (incompatible control). GF-305 is incompatible with cherry cultivars. Phenolic compounds such as Catechins above the graft site can be used as a biochemical marker in the diagnosis of graft incompatibility (Baron et al., 2019). Peroxidase levels in incompatible grafts were higher than compatible grafts. It seems that the peroxidase enzyme can be used to predict incompatible grafts quickly. Preliminary analyzes on the role of peroxidase indicate that this enzyme is involved in the formation of cell wall constituents and in the next step reduces the flexibility of the cell wall by creating cross-linking between phenolic polymers of the cell wall (Cassab & Varner, 1987). ConclusionThe highest levels of total phenol and peroxidase at the graft union were higher on the GF-305 incompatible rootstock than Gisela-6 compatible rootstock. Therefore, the finding of this study leads to the conclusion that phenolic compounds (mostly) and peroxidase activity can be used to pre-screen for incompatible grafts

Estimation of Yield Gap of Rice by Comparative Performance Analysis (CPA) in Amol and Rasht Regions

Ebrahim Habib; Yosoof Niknezhad; Hormoz Fallah; Salman Dastan; Davood Barari Tari

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 551-562

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26083.1607

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population and has an important role in feeding, income and ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of more than half of the world’s population and has an important role in feeding, income and job creation in the world, especially Iran. Yield gap analysis provides little estimation of increased production capacity which is an important component in designing food-providing strategy in regional, national and global scales. The existing heated discussions regarding food security have increased the number of necessary studies that estimate the quantity of yield gap and the reasons behind it through appropriate statistical methods in Iran and the rest of the world. It seems that by defining the effectiveness of each management parameter regarding the amount of presented yield gap and, consequently, the farmer’s knowledge on that matter the distance between actual yield and attainable yield can be reduced. In this research, estimation of potential yield, yield gap, and determining yield restricting factors and each of their portions in creating rice yield gap have been investigated. Materials and Methods Research was done in 100 paddy fields in Amol and Rasht regions in 2016 and 2017. All managerial practices from nursery preparation to harvest for local rice cultivars were recorded through fields monitoring. Field selection was done in a way that included all main production procedures with variation in management viewpoint. To define yield model, the relationship between all measured variables and the final model was designed by controlled trial and error method, which could quantify the effect of yield limitations. The average yield was calculated by placing the observed average variables (Xs) in the fields under study in the yield model. Thereafter, by putting the best observed value of the variables in the yield model the maximum obtainable yield was calculated. The difference between these two has been considered yield gap. Different procedures of the software SAS version 9.1 were used for analysis. Results Data analysis revealed that from 155 variables under study, the final model in Amol and Rasht regions with seven and six independent variables was chosen. In Amol yield model, maximum and average yield were 4798 and 6505 kg ha-1, respectively that estimated yield gap was 1707 kg ha-1. In Rasht yield model, maximum and average yield were 4443 and 6377 kg ha-1, respectively, which estimated that yield gap was 1934 kg ha-1. In Amol region, the amount of increased yield related to transplanting date, top-dressing and nitrogen after flowering variable was 364, 292 and 416 kg ha-1 which equals to 21, 17 and 24 percent of total yield increase. In Rasht region, the yield increase related to the effect of potassium and nitrogen before transplanting, and N after flowering was 644, 325 and 730 kg ha-1 which equals to 33, 17 and 38 percent. Discussion According to the findings, we suggest that the model precision is appropriate and can be applied for both estimating the quantity of yield gap and determining the portion of each constraints yield variables. Furthermore, considering the fact that the calculated yield potential is reached through actual data in each paddy field, it is suggested that this yield potential is attainable.

The Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Different Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Varieties under Weed Competition

Soraya Haghanian; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Ali Moradi; Yaeghoub Behzadi

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 195-210

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22805.1497

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Competition, as one of the key issues and complex phenomena, is in the ecophysiological discussions of plant communities and is influenced ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Competition, as one of the key issues and complex phenomena, is in the ecophysiological discussions of plant communities and is influenced by many factors that can be attributed to weed interference with the crop and the use of fertilizer inputs. Considering that nowadays the use of plant oils and sesame cultivation has increased, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of sesame cultivars to nitrogen increase in competition with weeds to identify the limitations and benefits of nitrogen use. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Omidieh (Khuzestan Province) during the summer of 2013. The main plot consisted of nitrogen fertilizer application levels (control [non-use] and use of 50 and 100 kg/ha nitrogen from urea form) and subplots were in a factorial combination of sesame varieties (Behbahan landrace, Yellow-white, tn-238, and tn-240) and weed competition in two levels (weed free and weed infest). In this experiment, morphological traits, harvest index, yield, and yield components of sesame were measured. Results The results showed that the effect of different amounts of nitrogen, weed competition, and sesame varieties on yield and yield components were significant. The interaction effects of nitrogen and sesame varieties on the leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index of sesame were significant. Increasing nitrogen improved LAI but weed interference reduced the number of capsules per plant by 23 percent. The effect of weed on 1000 grain weight showed that weed competition decreased this trait by 7.5 percent. The effects of nitrogen, cultivar, and weed competition on grain and biological yield were significant, so that the highest grain yield (158.06 gm-2) belonged to the 100 kg N treatment and between different varieties of sesame obtained from the Behbahan local variety(151.38 gm-2). Compared to the control (no nitrogen) the highest level of nitrogen treatment increased 31 percent in biological yield. In weed-free conditions, the Biological yield was more than the weed-infested treatment, so that the weed control increased the biological yield by 24 percent. Discussion Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the cultivation of Behbahan local variety with the application of 100 kg N, under Omidieh regional conditions, has been Improved many traits of sesame, including plant height, leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, and 1000 grain weight that this improvement was due to the get maximum yield.

Effect of irrigation deficit and cultivation method on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potato cultivars

R. Tofang Saz poor; H. Roshanfekr; M. Meskarbashee; S. Bromand Nasab

Volume 38, Issue 2 , September 2015, , Pages 1-12

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11249

Abstract

In order to study of effect irrigation deficit and cultivation method on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potato cultivars, an experiment was carried out in split-split ... Read More

Study of soybean genotypes reaction to the application of bacteria and different nitrogen levels in North Khouzestan conditions

S.A. Kalantar Ahmadi; J. Daneshian; S.A. Siadat

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 1-13

Abstract

In order to study the effect of different levels of nitrogen and bacteria application on the yield of soybean genotypes, an experiment was conducted at Safiabad Agricultural Research ... Read More

Seasonal changes of electrolyte leakage, carbohydrate contents and Re-growth in four cultivars of grape vine (Vitis vinifera l.) cuttings, under freezing stress

H. Araghi; A. Tehranifar; B. Abedi; M. Shoor

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 49-61

Abstract

Grapes are one of the temperate fruit crops most frequently damaged by freezing temperatures. An investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of freezing temperatures during ... Read More

An Investigation into Different Olive Cultivars Responses to Sarpole Zehab Environmental Condition

I. Arji; A.A. Zeinanloo; A. Hajiamiri; M. Najafi

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 17-27

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the adaptation ability of 14 olive cultivars in Dallaho olive research station under a completely randomized block design during 1383 till ... Read More

An Investigation into the Effects of Planting Date on Quantity and Quality Traits of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Ghasre Shirin

I. Arji; S. Miri; v. Abdosi

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 43-54

Abstract

Potato is one of the most agricultural plants in Kermanshah province especially in Ghasre Shirin. There is about 600 hectares potato cultivation area in Ghasre Shirin agricultural lands ... Read More

The Effect of Planting Date on Phonological Stages and Quantity Traits of Four Winter Rapeseed Cultivars in Yasouj

M.H F; A Y; M M; H B; H F

Volume 35, Issue 2 , September 2012, , Pages 99-113

Abstract

In order to study the effect of planting date on phonological stages and quantity traits of four cultivars of winter rapeseed, an experiment was carried out in 2008-2009 at the research ... Read More

Evaluation of Reaction Soybean Cultivars to Differences of Planting Dates in North of Khouzestan Conditions

S.A K; J D; S S

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 23-41

Abstract

In order to study the effects of planting date on yield of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Safiabad. The design was a strip plot based ... Read More

The Effect of Sowing Dates on Yield, Yield Components and Oil Content of Different Spring Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) Cultivars as Double Crop in Yasouj Region

M A; M M; H F; A D; M A

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 1-14

Abstract

In order to study the effects of sowing dates on yield, yield components and oil content of spring safflower, as double crop, an experiment was carried out in 2007 at the research field ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Cultivar

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