Plant Productions - Articles List

Improving growth, yield and quality characteristics of greenhouse tomato by using high density fish pond water

Amin Baji; Edris Shabani; Naser Alemzadeh Ansari; Mohamad Albaji

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 June 2023

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43551.2098

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionIran ranks 11th in the world in tomato production, with more than 3 million tons produced. Therefore, providing enough water to produce this amount of product will ... Read More AbstractIntroductionIran ranks 11th in the world in tomato production, with more than 3 million tons produced. Therefore, providing enough water to produce this amount of product will be one of the challenges of the near future in the agricultural sector due to the drought problem in Iran. Reuse of fish waste in agriculture is one of the important dimensions of water resources planning. Recycling drainage water from aquaculture farms is one of the necessities because it is rich in substances that can be useful in agriculture. World population and food security is one of the most difficult challenges that most of the countries are facing, because the world population is increasing rapidly and will reach 9.6 billion people by 2050. In this situation, the food supply should increase by 70 to 100%. Considering these challenges, it is necessary to conduct applied research to make maximum use of effluents and wastewaters in the production of greenhouse products.Materials and methodsThe treatments of this experiment included 3 types of nutrient solutions (Resh nutrient solution, fish pond water and modified fish pond water) and 3 promising greenhouse tomato lines (AZ4, AZ5 and V4). The experimental design was factorial arranged in complete block design with 3 replications. At the end of the experiment, the plants were removed from the pot and the roots, leaves and stems were separated from each other. Their fresh and dry weight and the number of leaves were recorded separately for each treatment. To check yield indicators, ripe tomato fruits were harvested during the growth period, counted and weighed with a scale with an accuracy of 0.01 g. The firmness of the fruit tissue was measured by a firmness meter, and the pH and EC of the fruit extract were measured by a pH meter and an EC meter, respectively. The measurement of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll was done using a spectrophotometer in mature leaves developed according to the method suggested by Arnon (1967).Result and DiscussionThe results of this experiment showed that V4 and AZ4 cultivars had the highest stem and leaf weight compared to AZ5 cultivar. Also, the results showed that the Resh solution and modified pond water had the highest root dry weight (58 and 56 g, respectively) compared to the fish pond water treatment (47 g). The findings of this study showed that the use of Resh nutrient solution and modified pool water compared to the treatment of fish pool water increased the number of leaves of tomato plants by 23.88% and 18.69%, respectively. It seems that irrigation with modified pool water and Resh solution increases the growth and development of the plant due to the increase in the level of nutrients. The highest amount of total chlorophyll was observed in the Resh solution and modified pool water with concentrations of 2.3 and 2.2 mg/g, respectively. The results of Silva et al (2021) showed that in irrigation with fish waste, greater availability of magnesium in plant tissue increases the content of chlorophyll b in leaves and increases plant chloroplast pigments. The highest total yield was observed in cultivar V4 and in the treatments of Resh nutrient solution and modified pool water. The results showed that modified pool water had the highest EC of tomato extract (1.9 dS/m). Also, the results of the interaction effect of cultivar and nutrient solution showed that the highest fruit firmness was observed in Resh solution and fish pond water in V4 cultivar. Also, the lowest fruit firmness was observed fish pond water in AZ5 cultivar. It seems that, in the present study, the reduction of calcium absorption in fish pond water caused the reduction of firmness of tomato fruit (Kaab omeir et al., 2020).ConclusionIt seems that according to the above results, it is possible to use pool water with a high density of fish after modification and changes in the amounts of its nutrients in greenhouse tomato cultivation. Among the tested cultivars, the promising line V4 can be recommended for cultivation in the greenhouse for the use of modified fish pond water.

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Effect of Proline Nanocomposite Coated with Chitosan and Moderate Salinity Stress on in vitro Microtuberization of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Agria

roghayeh ghasemi; alireza motallebiazar; sima panahirad; amin jahanian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 14 November 2023

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43532.2097

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been used successfully in plant tissue culture, which has a tremendous impact on the removal of microbial contamination ... Read More Introduction: In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been used successfully in plant tissue culture, which has a tremendous impact on the removal of microbial contamination of the explant through the use of these materials and also the positive role of these materials in callus formation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation and production of secondary metabolites. Proline is a proteogenic amino acid that accumulates as a useful solvent in plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. Recent discoveries indicate that proline plays an important role in plant growth and differentiation throughout the life cycle. Chitosan was found to enhance secondary metabolite production in cell suspensions and calli of various species applied in micropropagation, chitosan could improve plantlet quality in vitro, in consequence facilitating the subsequent acclimatization of plantlets to ex vitro conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the in vitro application of nanocomposite and moderate salinity can improve microtuberization.Materials and Methods: After the cultivation, the jars containing the explants were transferred to the growth chamber under absolute darkness and at a temperature of 18±2°C. The cultures were kept in these conditions for 4 months without sub culturing the samples for this purpose. MS medium containing 80 g of sucrose, containing proline at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg L-1, chitosan at a concentration of 240 mg L-1, proline 20 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, proline 40 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, 120 mg L-1, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan 120 and 240 mg L-1 and control treatment, as well as non-salinity treatments with the same compounds and concentrations mentioned for salinity were cultured. Factorial experiment was conducted base on a completely randomized design with three replications on single nude explants of mentioned cultivar.Results and Discussion: The results of this study show that moderate salinity has a significant effect on the first, second, third and last month of microtuberization. (in 1% level). The results of the comparison of mean microtuber yield showed that the highest yield was obtained when 240 mg of chitosan was treated with 20 mg / l of proline at moderate salinity with an average weight of 210 mg. Moreover, a concentration of 20 mg / l proline alone in moderate salinity was not sufficient to stimulate microtubers., but a concentration of 40 mg L-1 proline in mild salinity was satisfactory. According to the results of this study, it can be suggested that the use of chitosan compounds with proline and the use proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan with moderate salinity can be used to produce suitable microtuberization in the in vitro conditions of potatoes. In order to prove our results with the results of previous researchers, the results of chitosan application experiment on the growth and yield of miniature showed that application of 500 mg L-1 chitosan produced minituber weighing more than 1.5 g per seedling. Chitosan increased other traits including number of minituber per seedling, number of leaves per seedling and seedling length (Asghari-Zakaria et al., 2009). In the study of the effect of cobalt nanoparticles on the morphological characteristics of Santana cultivar in vitro, it was observed that the presence of cobalt nanoparticles caused the formation of microtubers faster, also the maximum size and function of microtubers from the combination of 2.5 mg. Cobalt nanoparticles with 80 g L-1 sucrose were obtained (Hamza, 2019).Conclusions: In this experiment, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan was successfully synthesized and according to the obtained results, it can be used in plant tissue culture and in vitro microtuberization. In the field of potato microtuberization, the use of nanocomposite showed a significant increase in the number of microtubers compared to the control, which showed a significant effect in the late stages of microtuberization. Also, the use of moderate salinity with treatment nanocomposite is effective for stimulating microtuberization, which increases microtubers yield. Based on the results of this experiment, a concentration of 120 mg L-1 proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan is a more suitable concentration for potato microtuberization.

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The effect of using of different levels of biological, chemical and manuare fertilizers on macro elements and some quantitative traits of forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.)

Fatemeh Fateminick; khosro Azizi; Soraya Ghasemi; Omidali Akbarpour

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 185-198

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43071.2084

Abstract

Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This ... Read More Introduction The forage cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) belongs to the Cactaceae family, which is a xerophyte plant with a rapid growth rate and is well adapted to arid climates. This cactus, which is also known as prickly pear or rocket cactus, although it produces high yields in fertile soils with sufficient water, but also produces significantly in poor soils with low water levels. Since nutrients such as nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus and potassium are very important in the diet of livestock, in this experiment, the nutritional value of this plant was investigated by evaluating these elements in forage cactus. The importance of producing fodder plants and improving their quality under the influence of nitrogen and manure fertilizers, this research with a sustainable agriculture approach to investigate the effect of different proportions of organic and chemical fertilizers especially nitrogen and their interaction on the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forage cactus were done. Materials and Methods To investigate the effect of using biological, chemical and manure fertilizers on Separate and integrated tests were carried out on some forage cactus traits during two cropping years (2019 and 2020). The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effect of these fertilizers on the percentage of nutrients and some quantitative characteristics of forage cactus in the form of a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications and the factors including biofertilizer treatments: MY1: use of mycorrhiza and MY0: no use of mycorrhiza and four levels of manure, respectively: M0: no use of manure, M1: use of 10 tons per hectare of manure, M2: use of 20 tons per hectare of manure, M3: use of 30 tons per hectare of manure and four levels of nitrogen chemical fertilizer (urea), respectively, including treatments N0: no use of urea, N1: use of 100 kilograms per hectare of urea, N2: use of 200 kilograms per hectare of urea, N3: use of 300 kilograms per hectare of urea and the treatment of not using mycorrhizal biofertilizer; Urea chemical fertilizer and manure were used as control treatments. The distance between rows was 50 cm and between rows was 50 cm. A distance of 1.5 meters between plots and 3 meters between repetitions was created to create an irrigation stream and a waste water outlet stream. The size of each plot was 6 square meters (4 × 1.5) with 4 crop lines and the plant density was 3.33 per square meter. The main pad for planting was prepared from a three-year base and was prepared and transferred from the research farm affiliated with ICARDA (International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas) in Mehran city, belonging to the Agricultural Research Center of Ilam province. The measured traits were as follows: Pad length, pad width, dry forage yield, total pad number, nitrogen percentage, phosphorus percentage, potassium percentage and calcium percentage. Results and Discussion The results showed that the highest dry forage yield was obtained in the treatment at combined use of M3N3 in comparison with the control treatment (no use of fertilizer) with the lowest amount. The mentioned treatment improved the dry forage yield by approximately 75%, , compared to the control treatment. The best results after this treatment are in the combined M3N2, M2N3 and M2N2 obtained. The traits of Ca percentage, P percentage, K percentage, N percentage, the total number of pad and the length and width of each pad showed favorable results in the integrated application of manure and nitrogen, and the integrated application of manure and chemical was significant on all the experimental traits. Conclusion The results of this research showed that the effect of using mycorrhizal biofertilizer was effective only on the amount of phosphorus and on other measured traits. It was not significant and because no significant difference was observed between treatments using mycorrhiza and not using it; because the cactus plant is perennial, it is recommended that the study regarding the use of mycorrhizal fungi and the process of quantitative and qualitative changes of this plant be further investigated in multi-year and long-term supplementary experiments.

Investigating the amount of nutritional elements in reproductive organs on the fruit set of tissue culture derived and offshoot date palm cv. Barhee

Maryam Boroujerdnia; Seyyed Samih Marashi; Hojat Dialami

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 307-318

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43140.2087

Abstract

IntroductionDate is one of the important crops in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Today, plant tissue culture technology, as an important commercial method, provides the possibility ... Read More IntroductionDate is one of the important crops in arid and semi-arid regions in the world. Today, plant tissue culture technology, as an important commercial method, provides the possibility of rapid reproduction of trees needed for the development of groves. Despite this, one of the main weaknesses of this method is the possibility of abnormal phenotypes such as delay in flowering, low levels of fruit set and formation of parthenocarp fruits. There is a difference between tissue culture date varieties in terms of the amount of abnormalities. In young tissue culture palm trees of Berhi cultivar, the amount of parthenocarp fruits reaches 59-86% and the yield of the date palm is greatly reduced. Therefore, identifying the causes of these abnormalities in tissue culture palms is very important. Materials and MethodsThis study was conducted in order to investigate the changes in nutrient elements related to fruit set in the pollination season on tissue culture derived date palms and derived from offshoot cv. Barhee in Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center of Ahvaz city (year 2022). At the beginning of spring season, palm trees were selected from each group of tissue culture and offshoot trees 10- years -old. Sampling of flowers and fruits were done in the three stages of spath appearance, ripe spath and 2 weeks after pollination from three spathes. In the pollination stage, three spathes in each palm (1-2 days before natural opening) were pollinated with the same male pollen. Nitrogen, zinc, iron, magnesium, manganese, boron and potassium elements were measured in the flower or fruit samples collected from tissue culture and offshoot trees. In 5th week after pollination, fruit set percentage, parthenocarp fruits percentage and flower and fruit drop percentage were recorded.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that tissue culture derived plants had less fruit set and more seedless fruits and drop as compared to off shoot derived plants. Also, the fruit yield in the tissue culture plants was lower than off shoot derived plants. The levels of magnesium, manganese, boron, zinc and potassium in off shoot derived plants were higher than tissue culture plants in most of the measured stages. By using multiple linear regression analysis and superior model selection, the amount of calcium and iron of flower and fruit had a negative relationship with the amount of fruit set and the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese and boron had a positive relationship with it. ConclusionThe lack of nutritional elements in tissue culture plants in comparison to offshoot derived plants in different stages, especially pollination and fruit formation, may cause disturbances in the synthesis of carbohydrates, protein, and organic matter, so the growth and development of the plant and ultimately the amount reduce fruit yield. Therefore, optimal feeding of trees and foliar spraying with key elements such as boron, zinc, manganese and magnesium at different stages can be one of the effective ways to improve fruiting and achieve maximum yield and increase the quality of the fruit of these trees.

The effect of camel manure and manganese sulfate on yield and yield components of Foxtail millet (Setaria italic)

Sadegh Salehinia; Mohammad Ali Behdani; Mohammad Hassan Sayyari Zahan; HamidReza Fallahi

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 91-103

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.41899.2057

Abstract

IntroductionIncreasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area is very important for preparing the food needed by the growing population of the country. One of the solutions ... Read More IntroductionIncreasing the yield of agricultural products per unit area is very important for preparing the food needed by the growing population of the country. One of the solutions is to add fertilizers in different forms and compositions to the soil to increase crop yield and strengthen soil fertility. Far away has been common all over the world. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of different levels of camel manure and manganese sulfate on growth and yield and yield components of Setaria italic, a factorial experiment in the form of a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2009-2010 in Abuzar well cultivated lands. Khosf city was implemented. Experimental treatments included: camel manure at three levels (0, 10 and 20 t / ha) and manganese sulfate at four levels (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg/ha). Results and DiscussionThe results of statistical analysis of the data showed that different levels of manure and manganese sulfate and the interaction between them had a significant effect on biological yield, number of grains per panicle and grain yield. So that the highest values of the above indices were observed in the treatment of manure 20 tons per hectare and 90 kg per hectare of manganese sulfate. The highest and lowest number of panicles were obtained in the treatment of 20 tons of camel manure and the application of 30 kg/ha of manganese sulfate and the control treatment without the use of camel manganese and manganese sulfate. The length of the panicle was also affected by the main effects of manure and manganese sulfate. So that the maximum panicle length was obtained in the treatment of 20 tons per hectare of manure and the treatment of 90 kg per hectare of manganese sulfate. The effect of manure levels on number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant and number of plants per square meter was significant, but other effects had no significant effect on these traits and the highest number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per plant and number of plants In the treatment of 20 tons per hectare of camel manure were obtained per square meter. The main effects of different levels of manure and manganese sulfate at the level of one percent probability had a significant effect on 1000-grain weight and millet harvest index, but the interaction of these factors did not have a significant effect on these traits. The highest 1000-seed weight was observed in the treatment of 20 tons per hectare of camel manure and the treatment of 90 kg per hectare of manganese sulfate. Also, the highest harvest index was related to the treatment of 20 tons per hectare of camel manure and also the highest harvest index was obtained from the consumption of 60 kg per hectare of manganese sulfate. ConclusionFinally, it can be concluded that the best treatments in this experiment were the use of 20 tons per hectare of camel manure and 90 kg per hectare of manganese sulfate. In fact, manure improves plant growth by gradually providing elements and using micronutrients. The use of manure is one of the appropriate solutions to achieve ecological agriculture that can increase agricultural production and due to the fact that most of the soils of South Khorasan province are calcareous and manganese deficient, the use of this element can be Help to remove this limitation and increase plant yield.

Assessing Fruit Set Improvement of Tissue Culture Derived Date Palm cv. Barhee Through Bunches Spraying with Mineral Nutrition

Maryam Boroujerdnia; Ahmad Mostaan; Aziz Torahi; Hojat Dialami

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 205-214

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.37418.1979

Abstract

IntroductionDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Today, the development of tissue culture propagation methods has ... Read More IntroductionDate palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an important fruit crop in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Today, the development of tissue culture propagation methods has enabled date palm to be rapidly propagated on a large scale. The production of genetically uniform and stable in vitro date palms has a critical importance. Low levels of fruit set and supernumerary carpels were detected in many date palm trees produced by tissue culture, especially in Barhee cultivar which leads to economic losses to gardeners. One of the best tools for date palm reproductive potential studies is the direct application of nutrient elements on inflorescences and fruits. Nutrients, such as boron and potassium on dates yield and fruit quality seems to play an important role in achieving satisfactory fruit set and fruit quality. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of boron and potassium spray on improving the fruit set of tissue culture- derived date palm cv. Barhee in grove of Date Palm and Tropical Fruit Research Center Ahvaz city. Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 9 treatments of bunches spraying with nutrients and 3 replications for two years (2018-2019) and each tree was considered as an experimental unit. Experimental treatments included spraying with boric acid at 0.5 and 1% , potassium sulfate at 2 and 3% as individual application or in a combination between boric acid and potassium sulfate concentrations treatments and control (distilled water). All treatments were replicated three times: 2 hours before pollination, 2 and 5 days after pollination. In 5th weeks after pollination, fruit set percentage, parthenocarpic fruits percentage and flower and fruit drop percentage were recorded. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed that that bunches spraying with potassium and boron significantly increased fruit set, yield and fruit physical characteristics i.e. weight, volume, length and diameter of fruit and TSS (%) compared with the control treatment. Among the different treatments, potassium sulfate at 2% was more effective in improving fruit set and reducing parthenocarpic fruits (seedless) than other treatments. Increasing fruit yield due to boron or potassium may be attributed to their effect an increasing fruit set. Increasing fruit set due to boron may be attributed to its role in maintaining high pollen viability, germination, and pollen tube elongation. Applying the potassium element has a role in controlling cell water content and carbohydrates biosynthesis and mobilization in plant tissues, consequently, carbohydrates play a serious role in fruit set and retention. ConclusionBoron and potassium nutrients play an important role in fruit set, fruit retention and development and cause efficient yield and quality improvement. Our results revealed that spraying Barhee date palm inflorescences with boric acid and potassium sulfate as individual had a positive effect on fruit set, yield and fruit quality.

The Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc Oxide and Nanoparticles Zinc Oxide on Some Growth Characteristics and Elemental Concentration of Rosemary under NaCl Salinity

Mohammad Bagher Hassanpouraghdam; Lamia Vojodi Mehrabani; Tahereh Shamsi Khotab

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 421-432

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31067.1825

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionNowdays, one of the major environmental stresses challenging agricultural produce worldwide, is progressive soil salinity. The majority of the soils in the arid ... Read More AbstractIntroductionNowdays, one of the major environmental stresses challenging agricultural produce worldwide, is progressive soil salinity. The majority of the soils in the arid and semi-arid regions face salinity. This is a huge threat for agricultural sustainablitty. With salinity adding-up, plants growth and development greatly decline due to reduced osmotic potential, unbalanced nutrients available and the variations in the type and content of growth regulators which negatively influence the plant yield and productivity. Under salinity situations, using micronutrients plays a vital role in the tolerance of plant against ROS molecules. These nutrients motivate antioxidant enzymes and hence, improve plant responses to the ROS molecules generation. As a result, they improve the yield, quality and productivity of plants under stressful conditions. Materials and MethodsAn experiment was conducted to study the effects of NaCl salinity stress (0, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and Foliar application of common and Nono-form Zinc-oxide (0, 5 and 10 mg L-1) on Rosmarinus officinalis as factorial based on RCBD with three replications at 2017- 2018. Results and DiscussionThe results revealed the interaction effects of salinity levels and Zinc Foliar application on chlorophyll b content, N, P, K, Na and Zn content, leave relative water content as well as essential oil yield. The highest data for chlorophyll b was recorded with no stress × 10 mgL-1 Nono-zinc spray. Relative water content for both Zn forms (0, 5 and 10 mgL-1) was maximum with no salinity treatments. The greatest data for essential oil yield was traced with NaCl0 × 10 mgL-1 Nano-zinc and NaCl0× 10 mgL-1 Zinc Oxide. NaCl0× 5 mgL-1 Nano-Zinc increased K+content in plant. For Zn compositional content, the highest data was recorded with no-salinity × 5 and 10 mgL-1of Nano-Zinc as well as with no-salinity × 10 mg L-1 of common zinc source. Aerial parts dry weight and Fe and Mg content were affected by independent effects of salinity and Foliar application of Zn. Aerial parts dry weight and Mg content increased at no salinity stress and 50 mM salinity. Chlorophyll a and Fe content were influenced by the non salinity levels. Foliar application with 0 and 10 mg L-1nano-Zn increased Mg content in plants. Salinity is one of the predominant stressors influencing the plants throughout all their life cycle. The results revealed that salinity drastically influenced rosemary dry weight, photosynthetic pigments content, as well as Mn, Cu, and Fe content. Zn Foliar application improved aerial parts fresh weight and the content of Mg, Cu, and Fe. In general, rosmary is salinity tolerant up to 50 mM without significant reduction in yield component. Therefore, the Foliar application of Nano-Zinc as Oxide form improved yield and growth characteristics. ConclusionSalinity drastically influenced the growth and physiological responses of the plants. Using Foliar treatments was able to partially ameliorate the salinity adverse effects and, promoted the growth and productivity of rosemary. However, economical administration of Foliar treatments needs more in-depth studies.

Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation Regime on Vegetative and Pomological Characteristics and Yield of Table Olive Konservolia Cultivar in Field Condition

rahmatollah gholami; Aboalmahsan Hadjiamiri; marzaban Najafi

Volume 42, Issue 4 , December 2019, , Pages 575-585

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22905.1501

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the every green trees that tolerance to Drought. Olive is an economically important species of the Mediterranean area, so understanding the mechanisms by which olive plants face drought stress under environmental conditions is essential for the improvement of olive yield and oil quality. Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the fruit trees which become important in the Iranian fruit industry at the near future. It seems that olive tree has potential for resistance to drought conditions of semi-arid regions of Iran. There is a high production potential for olive tree in many regions of Iran. Regulated deficit irrigation is an optimizing strategy under which crops are allowed to sustain some degree of water deficit and yield reduction. During regulated deficit irrigation the crop is exposed to certain level of water stress either during a particular period or throughout the growing season. The main objective deficit irrigation of is to increase water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop by eliminating irrigations that have little impact on yield, and to improve control of vegetative growth (improve fruit size and quality). The resulting yield reduction may be small compared with the benefits gained through diverting the saved water to irrigate other crops for which water would normally be insufficient under conventional irrigation practices. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of regulated deficit irrigation regime on vegetative and pomological characteristics and yield of table olive konservolia cultivar in field condition. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted in Dallaho Olive Research Station (Geographical characters was longitude of 45˚, 51΄ E and latitude of 34˚, 30΄ N and the height of sea level 581m) located in Kermanshah province. An experiment was used based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Adult table olive Konservolia cultivar was uesd. Each experiment unit consists of Three trees. Vegetative and reproductive traits were evaluated according to I.O.O.C. descriptors. Six irrigation regimes including of full irrigation (as control), regulated deficit irrigation (100% of full irrigation during growing season plus 25% irrigation during pit hardening, regulated deficit irrigation (100% of full irrigation during growing season plus 75% irrigation from Start pit hardening to harvesting), irrigation in three stage (before flowering, pit hardening and before Harvesting , 60% of full irrigation (continuous deficit irrigation) and no irrigation (Rainfed). To elevate the effect of irrigation regimes, some growth vegetative traits measured at the end of growth season including current-season shoot growth and current-season shoot diameter as well as some fruit traits including fruit and oil yield, fruit weight, fruit length and diameter, pulp fresh and dry weight, fruit moisture percent, pulp percent were measured. Collected data were analyzed with SAS program. Results Obtained results showed that the highest fruit yield, oil yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, pulp fresh and dry weight, pulp percent were observed at full irrigation and regulated deficit irrigation (100% of full irrigation during growing season plus 25% irrigation during pit hardening, but the lowest one found at Rainfed. There was no significant difference between deficit irrigation in three stage and 60% of full irrigation (continuous deficit irrigation) in fruit yield, oil yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, pulp fresh and dry weight. The water use efficiency of fruit yield of T4 and T2 was higher than 100ETc and other treatments. Overall, the results showed that RDI during fruit pit hardening could increased water use efficiency, whitout reduce fruit yield, oil yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter and pulp fresh and dry weight. Discussion In the arid and semi arid as well as sub-tropical regions, water shortage is a normal phenomenon and seriously limits the agricultural potential.Therefore, under irrigation or rain-fed conditions, it is important for the available water to be used in the most efficient way. Regulated deficit irrigation is an optimizing strategy under which crops are allowed to sustain some degree of water deficit and yield reduction. During regulated deficit irrigation the crop is exposed to certain level of water stress either during a particular period or throughout the growing season. The main objective deficit irrigation of is to increase water use efficiency (WUE) of the crop by eliminating irrigations that have little impact on yield, and to improve control of vegetative growth (improve fruit size and quality). According to the results of this research, it can be concluded thatthat RDI during fruit pit hardening could increased water use efficiency, whitout reduce fruit yield, oil yield, fruit weight, fruit diameter, pulp fresh and dry weight.

Sequential Path Analysis Based on Yield and Morpho-Physiological Characteristics in Squash Landraces from Northwest of Iran

Davoud Mardanzadeh; Reza Darvishzadeh; Bahman Zahedi

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 115-132

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.15317.1244

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Squash is an annual herbaceous plant and grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Europe and America. Edible species are divided into three ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Squash is an annual herbaceous plant and grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Europe and America. Edible species are divided into three groups of zucchini or courgette, gourd and pumpkin squash. The seed of pumpkin squash has high nutritional value due to its high protein and oil content. Iran is ranked fourth in terms of production and cultivation area of squash in the world after China, India and Russia. The present study was conducted in order to determine the most important morphological and physiological characteristics influencing yield in squash landraces from Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods Eighteen squash landraces comprising 11 confectionery landraces, 5 gourd landraces and 2 ornamental landraces were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Saatlou research station of West Azerbaijan. The landraces were evaluated for morphological and physiological characteristics based on International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR)) descriptor. Results The results of phenotypic correlations revealed that the characteristics including number of fruit, fruit weight, 100 seed weight, fruit diameter, seed thickness, plant height, internodes length, primary branch and fruit pH and characteristics including seed weight, peduncle lengths, sepal’s length of female flower and fruit total soluble solids have positive and significant correlations with fruit yield at 1 and 5 percent probability level, respectively. In stepwise regression, four features including internodes length, sepal’s length of female flower, chlorophyll percentage and fruit pH were entered in model. The results showed that fruit pH and internodes length have the most direct and positive effect on the fruit yield, and the percentage of chlorophyll has the highest indirect effect through internodes length on the fruit yield. Discussion Sequential path analysis showed that selection of genotypes based on only correlation coefficient may not be effective. Several characteristics were identified to explain squash yield during path analysis. Selection based on identified characters would be more effective in improving yield in squash breeding programs.

Evaluation of Physiological Characteristics in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) in Response to Plant Cutting and Application Methods of Zn and Ca nano-Chelates

Amin Nobahar; Marefat Mostafavi Rad; Hamid reza Zakerin; Saeed Sayfzadeh; Ali reza Valadabadi

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 97-110

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.23744.1524

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important legume crops and it is rich in oil (47-53 %) and protein (25-36 %). Peanut has very ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is one of the most important legume crops and it is rich in oil (47-53 %) and protein (25-36 %). Peanut has very high nutrient requirement. On the contrary severe mineral nutrient deficiency due to inadequate and imbalanced use of nutrients is one of the major factors responsible for low yield in peanut (Kabir et al., 2013). Zinc (Zn) plays an important role in the production of biomass. Furthermore, Zn may be required for chlorophyll production, pollen function and fertilization (Kaya and Higgs, 2002; Pandey et al., 2006). Among the nutrients, Zn deficiency causes yield loss to the maximum of 40% in peanut (Arunachalam et al., 2013). Plant response to Zn deficiency occurs in terms of decrease in membrane integrity, susceptibility to heat stress, decreased synthesis of carbohydrates, cytochromes nucleotide, auxin and chlorophyll (Singh, 2007). Calcium (Ca) is required by peanut plants from the initial stage of pegs appearance until pods maturity. Ca deficiency aborts or shrivels fruit and leads to high percentage of empty pods. The comparison of the various methods of peanut plants fertilization is more important. Peanuts need full sun and topping of main stem in peanut plants could improve solar radiance penetration in to the canopy. Thus, the objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of plant topping, Zn and Ca nano-fertilizers and their application on peanut yield. Materials and Methods This experiment was carried out in 2016 cropping season as split split plot arrangement based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Nano-chelates including nano-chelated Zn, nano-chelated Ca and simultaneous usage of nano-chelated Zn and nano-chelated Ca fertilizers and check as the main plots, the application of methods such as the soil utilization of nano-chelates, foliar application and integrated method of the soil utilization and foliar application of fertilizers as sub plots, and topping of the main stem at 10 and 20 centimeters above the floor and no topping as control comprised the experimental treatments. Results In this experiment, the highest seed yield, biological yield, fruit (pod) yield and peanut hull production were observed as affected by simultaneous usage of Zn and Ca nano- chelates, integrated method of the soil utilization and foliar application of Zn and Ca nano- chelates and topping of the main stem at 20 centimeters above the floor. The greatest fresh forage and hay yield was shown under simultaneous usage of Zn and Ca nono- chelates integrated method of the soil application and foliar spraying of Zn and Ca nano-chelates and topping of the main stem at 10 centimeters above the floor. But the highest percentage of hollow pods per plant and fruit harvest index were achieved under no topping of the peanut stem. Discussion It seems that dividing Ca nano-chelate application could improve peanut reproductive growth. But Zn deficiency during the reproductive growth enhanced hollow pod numbers due to probable photosynthetic capability increment of peanut plant.In general, simultaneous application of Zn and Ca nano-chelates and integrated methods of their usage and topping of the main stem at 20 centimeters above the floor increased fruit and grain yield of peanut under Guilan climatic condition.

Efficacy of some calcium salts foliar spray on growth and biochemical parameters of jujube fruit (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.)

M. Ghesmati; F. Moradinezhad; M. Khayat

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 25-36

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.21173.1447

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives South Khorasan province is the most important area of jujube fruit production in Iran. Fresh jujube fruit destroys in a short time at ambient temperature. Normally about one week after harvesting, a considerable loss occurs in picked fruits. Plant nutrition, during growth and developmental stages influence the quality of many fruits. Calcium is one of the most important elements that can affect quantity, quality, storability and market of many horticultural crops. Although South Khorasan province is located in arid areas, it has lime soils with enough calcium for plant growth and development. However, due to low mobility of calcium from soil to plant, calcium deficiency is common in horticultural plants. Thus, pre-harvest spray with minerals like calcium salts can be useful for reducing postharvest losses during handling and storage. Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of different calcium salts spray on physicochemical properties and quality of fresh jujube fruit. Materials and Methods Twenty jujube trees, eight years old, were sprayed with calcium salts twice, mid of June and early in July 2016 in a commercial orchard in Birjand, South Khorasan province. Experimental treatments were distilled water (control), calcium chloride (0.5 and 1%) and calcium nitrate (0.5 and 1%). Sprays were done at two stages of fruit growth and development, cell division (3 mm fruit diameter), and 20 days later in full cell enlargement stage. Fresh fruit was harvested at a crisp mature (white-red) stage early in August. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised block design with four replications, and each replicate included 500 g of fresh fruit. Data were analysed using SAS program (ver. 8) and comparison of means was made with LSD test at 1 and 5% probability. Results Physiochemical properties of harvested fruit including fresh fruit weight, dry matter, fruit length and diameter, firmness, total soluble solids, pH, carotenoids, total phenol, and calcium content were evaluated. The results showed that calcium nitrate application at 0.5% significantly increased fruit fresh weight, dry matter and fruit length and diameter compared to control. Also, fruits that were sprayed with calcium chloride at 0.5% concentration had higher firmness, carotenoids and total phenol. The highest total soluble solids and calcium content values were obtained in treated fruit with calcium chloride (1%). Although different calcium salts spray had no significant effect on juice pH. Discussion In general, it can be concluded that physical fruit parameters were affected by calcium nitrate, while calcium chloride spray had a greater impact on chemical and nutritional quality aspects of fruit. Although calcium chloride at 0.5% was more effective on chemical factors, however, it was not significantly different with calcium chloride 1% treatment. Among different treatments, calcium nitrate at 0.5% had the highest effect on physical properties of jujube fruit. Therefore, it can be concluded that spraying of jujube fruit trees during fruit growth and developmental stages with both calcium salts at 0.5% concentration have beneficial effects as they improve the most important physical and chemical parameters of fresh jujube fruit.

Effects of Drought Stress on Enzymatic and Non- Enzymatic Antioxidants in Flag Leaf and Spikes of Tolerant and Sensitive Wheat Genotypes

P. Sharifi; N. Mohammadkhani

Volume 41, Issue 3 , December 2018, , Pages 37-50

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.20256.1420

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Drought stress is one of the main limiting factors in plant production in semiarid regions; this is due to its oxidative stress. Materials and Methods ... Read More

The Effect of Planting Methods and Calcium Nanoparticles Spray on Quality, Quantity and Vase Life of Gladiolus hybrida cv. Magma

M. Chehrazi; D. Pourghasemi; M. Khoshbakht

Volume 41, Issue 2 , September 2018, , Pages 55-66

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.20176.1418

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives In order to introduce the best method of planting between Cretan and furrow and also spraying nanoparticles of calcium on the quality and quantity ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives In order to introduce the best method of planting between Cretan and furrow and also spraying nanoparticles of calcium on the quality and quantity of Gladiolus flowers (Gladiolus hybrida cv. Magma), a study was conducted at the research farm. Nanoparticles release nutrients slowly and continuously because of having nanomembranes so that we can adjust the speed of releasing nutrients from the capsuls. Using this fact, the efficiency of nanoparticles would improve. Cretan method is the most common method of planting of Gladiolus in Iran. Materials and Methods Corms were planted in two ways; Cretan and furrow planting. The density of them was 24 per square meter (four rows with the distance of 15 cm). Nanoparticles of calcium at three levels (0, 1 mg/litre, and 2 mg/litre) were sprayed on the plants before the harvest once a week for three weeks. Considering the importance of planting methods and performance of nanoparticles of calcium, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were analyzed using SAS software. Results In this study after the harvesting, most of the features of flowers were measured including: the inflorescence length, the inflorescence weight, the weight index of cut flower (fresh weight of the cut flower/ the length of the cut flower), the shoot diameter, the shoot length, the diameter of the first and the second floret, the number of florets, the number of corm, the corm weight, a, b, and the total chlorophyll, the relative water content, and the vase life. Significant differences were observed at the 5% level for all of the traits except the weight index of the cut flower and the relative water content. The cut flower weight, the cut flower length, the inflorescence length, the florets diameter, the number of florets, the number of corm, and the vase life were increased in the furrow planting method. The importance of the nanoparticles of calcium treatments on vase life was significant. The Number of corms was also significant in the furrow planting method. Discussion The results of this study showed that the quality, the yield and the vase life in furrow planting were better than those in the Cretan. The foliar feeding calcium nanoparticles resulted in survival improvement in post-harvest flowers. In Khuzestan, which is capable of producing commercial Gladiolus flowers in autumn and winter, the furrow planting can be used to obtain flowers with higher quality and quantity instead of using the cretan planting.

Study the Effect of Withholding Irrigation and Brassino-Stroidids Hormone before Harvesting on Quantity and Quality Characteristics of Baluchistan Onion in Iranshahr

A.R. Parekasi; F. Kamiab

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 63-76

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13445

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The storage life of onion is an essential factor to marketing this product in the winter season. The storage life of onion depends on different factors ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The storage life of onion is an essential factor to marketing this product in the winter season. The storage life of onion depends on different factors of which withholding of irrigation before harvest is the most important. On the other hand, Brassinosteroids (BRs) are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, with pleiotropic effects, as they influence varied developmental processes like growth, germination of seeds, rhizogenesis, flowering, stem elongation, pollen tube growth, leaf epinasty, ethylene biosynthesis, proton pump activation, gene expression and photosynthesis. Therefore, studying the effects of withholding irrigation and Brassinosteroied on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of onion seems to be necessary. Materials and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of withholding irrigation and Brassinosteroied hormone before harvesting on yield and postharvest life of Baluchistan onion, a split plot experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was conducted in Iranshahr’s Institute of Agricultural Research and Education in 2015-2016. This experiment was performed to evaluate three factors, water withholding at three levels (one, two and three weeks before harvest time) and spraying Brassinosteroied in four levels (0, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 μM). Different traits such as Bush height, diameter, length, weight, edible layer of bulb and neck diameter, post-harvest life, dry matter percentage and yield were measured. Results Agronomic traits and post-harvest life of onion increased by increasing the hormone concentration to 0.75 μM. The highest yield observed in 0.75 μM of Brassinosteroied treatment was about 42 t/ha and in the treatment with one week of withholding irrigation before harvesting was about 39 t/ha. The lowest yield observed in without hormone treatment was about 33 t/ha and in the treatment with three weeks of withholding irrigation before harvesting it was about 36 t/ha. The maximum post-harvests observed in two weeks of withholding irrigation before harvesting and 0.75 μM of hormone treatments were about 60 and 50 days, respectively. The lowest post-harvest lives observed in one week of withholding irrigation before harvesting and without hormone treatments were about 33 and 43 days, respectively. Discussion Withholding irrigation can decrease the amount of water in bulbs and increase post-harvest life because of reducing post-harvest diseases. On the other hand, Brassinostroides can induce growth and photosynthesis rate and alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stress in plants. These are important reasons to increase quantitative and qualitative traits in this product.

Effect of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) Fungus (Rhizophagus Irregularis) Inoculation in Different Levels of Water Deficit on Minituber Production in Potato

Kh. Parvizi; Y. Parvizi; A. Navaei

Volume 40, Issue 3 , December 2017, , Pages 15-26

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.19706.1402

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives The symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrizae and plants can improve plant growth by increasing mineral nutrient absorption, tolerance ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives The symbiotic relationship between arbuscular mycorrizae and plants can improve plant growth by increasing mineral nutrient absorption, tolerance to diseases and stresses such as drought, temperature fluctuation, metal toxicity, salinity and other adverse conditions. Micro propagation of potato by micro and mini tubers have been established for improving multiplication rate and possibility of reserving some more stock plants as germplasm. Multiplication of the minitubers already has been accompanied by lower establishment that causes low vigor and performance of the plant especially in water stress conditions. This experiment was done to study the effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungus inoculation on vigor and performance of planlets derived from minituber in green house conditions. Material and Methods This experiment was conducted as factorial based on a randomized complete design with four replications. The treatments were irrigation levels (100%, 85%, 75% and 65% of field capacity) and two levels of culture medium inoculation (inoculation with Rhizophagus irregularis and non- inoculation). The amount of water supplement was evaluated according to their treatment by weighing the boxes and calculating the amount of field capacity base. The method described by Gonigle et al (1990) was used for root colonization assessment. Mini-tuber obtained from any plant was weighed, arranged in three groups. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out using SAS software (v. 8.02, SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Results Analysis of variance showed that in all minitubers the main effects of incubation with mycorrhiza, irrigation levels and their interaction were significantly different (p≤0.05). Minituber dry matter percentage showed a significant difference (p≤0.05) with mycorrhizal inoculation and interaction between mycorrhiza and irrigation levels. Means comparison showed that generally more minituber production in different sizes was accomplished by mycorrhizal treatments in all irrigation levels in comparison with non-inoculated ones. The most minitubers in different sizes were accomplished with inoculated and providing 85% FC water treatment. Inoculation of minitubers in 65% and 75% FC of irrigation levels did the same as the competitive situation with non-inoculated miniturbers in 85% and 100% of irrigation at the most traits related with quantity and quality of minituber production. Discussions It is concluded that although mycorrhiza was able to promote growth and final yield of minituber production and multiplication rate, this ability is not limited and can be extended ultimately by critical threshold of water accessibility. Dry matter of minituber was affected by application of mycorrhiza in four irrigation regimes. In relation with minituber dry matter, it is conceived that mycorrhiza can affect the dry matter of minituber but irrigation levels must be remarkable in this situation. Generally, it is concluded that mycorrhiza had considerable effect on performance of planted minitubers by adjustment of water stress through promoting mineral nutrients absorption and increasing osmotic potential capability. This ability could be different with intensity of water deficiency.

Effect of Potassium Nitrate and Phenyl Phthalamic Acid on Some of Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Strawberry ‘Gaviota’

S M; M H; M S; S A

Volume 39, Issue 4 , March 2017, , Pages 43-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12427

Abstract

Background and objectives Proper plant nutrition is very important for high productivity and fruit quality. Strawberry has more need for potassium because this element is a major component ... Read More Background and objectives Proper plant nutrition is very important for high productivity and fruit quality. Strawberry has more need for potassium because this element is a major component of the fruit. Size, colour, and acidity of the fruit have a positive relation with potassium amount. Also, the phenyl phthalamic acid is a regulator that increases the working life of stigma and supports the better pollination, which results in a higher yield. This study was performed to increase the quantity and quality of strawberry fruits. Materials and Methods To study the effect of potassium nitrate and phenyl phthalamic acid on vegetative and reproductive growth of strawberry cv. Gaviota, a research was conducted as factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications. Potassium nitrate (0, 1, 2 and 5 g.l-1) and phenyl phthalamic acid (0, 500, 1000 and 1500 mg.l-1) were sprayed on leaves and flowers, respectively. The parameters such as inflorescense and fruit number, yield per plant, fresh and dry weight of fruit, TSS, TA and N, P, K and Ca content of leaf and fruit were measured. Results The results showed that the use of 5 g.l-1 of potassium nitrate or 500 mg.l-1 phenyl phthalamic acid had the greatest effect on the fresh and dry weight of fruit. Also, potassium nitrate in concentration of 2 g.l-1 has a significant effect on the number of inflorescences and phosphorus of leaves and fruits. The highest number of fruits (26 fruits per plant) with 2 g.l-1 potassium nitrate and the highest yield per plant (541.2 g) and TSS juice (8.3) with 2 g.l-1 potassium nitrate + 500 mg.l-1 phenyl phthalamic acid were obtained. Discussion The phenyl phthalamic acid could increase fruit setting, which resulted in a yield increase too, especially when it was applied with potassium nitrate. In general, the use of potassium nitrate and phenyl phthalamic acid in concentration of 2 g.l-1 and 500 mg.l-1, respectively, resulted in increase of yield and qualitative and quantitative traits of strawberry.

Effects of Harvesting Time and Fruit Size on Physical and Biochemical Properties of Pomegranate Fruit cv. ‘Rabab Neiriz’ in Ghalletol-Baghmalak

Fatemh rashno nuzhad; norola moallemi; seyad mohamad hasan Mortazavi

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 27-38

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12065

Abstract

Background and Objectives Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a nonclimacteric fruit rcent respectively. In general, the results of the present study confirmed that the medium fruit size ... Read More

Effects of Planting Date and Nutrition Solution Concentration on Yield and Quality Properties of Strawberry Fruit CV Camarosa Grown in Ahvaz Condition

S. Pourmombeini; S.M.H. Mortazavi; N. Moallemi; A. Mozaffari; A.A. Moezzi

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11829

Abstract

This research was done to evaluate the effects of planting date and concentration of Hoagland nutrition solution on the yield and quality of strawberry fruit cv. Camarosa grown in Shahid ... Read More

Investigating of grain growth and contribution of stem reserves in grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars under terminal drought conditions.

M. Pureisa; M. Nabipour; M. Meskarbashee

Volume 38, Issue 1 , May 2015, , Pages 41-53

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2015.11117

Abstract

The duration of grain filling period and the rate of this period determines final grain weight in barley. In this study, in order to investigate the effect of final drought stress on ... Read More

Effect of substrate and different levels of nitrogen and calcium on growth and yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus florida)

A. Ghoohestani1; N. Alemzadeh Ansari; S.A. Eftekhari

Volume 37, Issue 1 , June 2014, , Pages 59-69

Abstract

To assess the effects of two types of substrate (wheat straw and sugar cane bagasse) and different levels of calcium carbonate (0.2%, 0.4% and 0.6% of dry weight of substrate) and different ... Read More

Effect of winter cereals as pre plant cover crops on weeds control, improving soil fertility, yield and yield components of potato

M GH; G A; M.R A; M.R M; M GH

Volume 36, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 29-42

Abstract

This study was carried out at the research farm of Agriculture Faculty, Bu- Ali Sina university, in 2009, to evaluate the effect of winter cereals as cover crops on weed control, improving ... Read More

Determination of potassium critical level in date palm leaf and effect of potassium on yield and quality of date fruit (cv sayer)

H. Dialami1

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 35-45

Abstract

In order to determine the potassium critical level in date palm leaf, fertilizer experiments with four treatments from 4 levels of potassium, including: 0, 250, 500 and 750g K from ... Read More

Effect of putresine and nutrients foliar application on some physiological characters of two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bread cultivars in Ahvaz

M.S. Emadi; P. Hassibi; A.R. Azimi

Volume 37, Issue 4 , March 2014, , Pages 107-118

Abstract

To study the effect of putresine and some essential nutrients foliar application on yield and physiological characters of wheat, an experiment was conducted during 2010-2011 growing ... Read More

Analysis of canola stability in rain-fed conditions and comparison of stable genotypes selection methods using stability indices

J. Ahmadi; B. Vaezi; H. Naraki

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 13-22

Abstract

The selection of high performance varieties with high stability is an important objective for canola breeding programs in rain-fed and arid areas. Also, evaluation of G×E interaction ... Read More

The effect of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis L.)

H. Neamati; M. Azizi

Volume 36, Issue 2 , September 2013, , Pages 23-34

Abstract

This experiment investigated the effects of different levels of vermicompost and plant density on growth and developmental factors, seed yield and oil content of evening primrose (Oenothera ... Read More

Volume 46 (2023)

Volume 45 (2022)

Volume 44 (2021)

Volume 43 (2020)

Volume 42 (2019)

Volume 41 (2018)

Volume 40 (2017)

Volume 39 (2016)

Volume 38 (2015)

Volume 37 (2014)

Volume 36 (2013)

Volume 35 (2012)

Volume 34 (2011)

Volume 33 (2010)

Volume 32 (2009)

Keywords = Yield

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