Plant Productions

Effect of N Fertilizer and Growth Stimulating Bacteria on Growth of Sugar Beet in Delayed Sowing

Nasrullah Nusrat; Morteza Goldani; Javad Rezai

Volume 44, Issue 2 , August 2021, , Pages 295-304

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30457.1811

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionConcurrency of cereals late-season irrigation with early irrigation of sugar beet season and lack of water resources at this time, has made some farmers to ... Read More AbstractIntroductionConcurrency of cereals late-season irrigation with early irrigation of sugar beet season and lack of water resources at this time, has made some farmers to delay sugar beet cultivation. The planting date plays a key role in growth, quality and yield of sugar beet. Delayed cultivation leads to reduced sugar beet yield. In late cultivation of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.), the use of nitrogen fertilizer and growth promoting bacteria can be of great importance in accelerating growth and compensating for lost time. The aim of this study was to find a sustainable way to increase the growth rate of sugar beet in delayed cultivation, so as to compensate for the delayed growth season as possible. Materials and MethodsThis experiment was conducted as a split split plot in a randomized complete block design with 6 replications on Arta sugar beet cultivar at the Research Farm of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2018. The factors included planting date (regular and delayed sowing) as main factor, nitrogen fertilizer (based on recommendation and 25% less than recommended) as sub-factor and Nitrobacter application and non-Nitrobacter were considered as sub-factors. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the inoculation effect of Nitrobacter on leaf area, total dry matter, root yield and sugar content increased by 13, 20, 9 and 8 percent, respectively. Also, Nitrobacter treatment had the least effect on the amount of sodium, potassium and nitrogen of root in both sowing dates. For delayed planting date, using nitrogen fertilizer plus growth promoting bacteria can offset the delay in planting date. Therefore, this recommendation can reduce water consumption by reducing sugar beet growing season and reduce fertilizer use. It seems that the combination of chemical and biological fertilizers is effective on sugar beet delayed cultivation in order to compensate for lost time. ConclusionThe combination of chemical and biological fertilizers is effective on sugar beet delayed cultivation in order to compensate for lost time.

Stochastical Analysis of Phenological Timing Traits of Rainfed Wheat in Golestan Province Using Climate Parameters

kami kaboosi

Volume 43, Issue 1 , June 2020, , Pages 143-158

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.26579.1633

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Considerng stochasticalnature of precipitation and temperature and high dependence of the eco-phenological timing traits on them, the present ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Considerng stochasticalnature of precipitation and temperature and high dependence of the eco-phenological timing traits on them, the present study was conducted with the aim of estimating eight eco-phenological traits of rainfed wheat including planting date, emergence date, flowering date, maturity date and length of each stage of growth in Golestan province. Materials and Methods First, studied traits were determined by daily data of maximum and minimum temperature and precipitation of 33 meteorological stations in the 26-year common statistical period (1991-2016). Then, these traits were calculated based on frequency analysis by SMADA software package for 25, 50, 75, 85 and 95 percent occurrence probability level. Planting date was determined based on the first precipitation equal to or more than 25 mm over a period of 10 consecutive days in December. Also, length of each growth stages was determined based on the concept of Growing Degree-Days (GDD). Finally, zoning maps of eco-phenological traits for different occurrence probability level were produced by ArcGIS software. In order to verify estimated eco-phenological traits values, findings from various field scale researches in Golestan province were used. The results showed that estimations and zoning maps wrere done with good precision. Results The results showed that the effect of occurrence probability level was significant on all variables, so that with increasing occurrence probability level several important changes were observed: first, a significant postponement of dates of planting, emergence, flowering and maturity; second, a significant increase in the length of planting to emergence; and finally, a significant reduction in the length of the emergence to flowering, flowering to maturity and planting to maturity stages. Zoning maps showed that the suitable planting date for rainfed wheat in 90 percent of Golestan province area for occurrence probability levels of 25, 50 and 75 percent was before 10 December and for 85 and 95 percent occurrence probability levels in 78 and 90 percent of the province area was from 1-20 December and 21 December to 9 January, respectively. Emergence date of rainfed wheat in more than 90 percent of the Golestan province area for the occurrence probability levels of 25 to 95 percent was calculated until 20 December, until 4 January, 21 December to 19 January, 5 January to 3 February and 20 January to 18 February, respectively. Also, flowering date of rainfed wheat was obtained 4 April to 4 May in 95 percent of the province's area for 25 percent occurrence probability level, 5-20 May in 86 percent of the province's area for 50 percent occurrence probability level, 20 April to 20 May in 95 percent of the province's area for 75 percent occurrence probability level, 5-20 May in 75 percent of the province's area for 85 percent occurrence probability level, and 5 May to 4 June in 93 percent of the province's area for 95 percent occurrence probability level. In terms of maturity date, the results showed that this date in more than 90 percent of the Golestan province's area was 21 May to 4 June for 25 percent occurrence probability level, 21 May to 20 June for 50 percent occurrence probability level, 5-20 June for 75 percent occurrence probability level, and 5 June to 5 July for 85 and 95 percent occurrence probability levels. Discussion Based on the average of all weather stations, the increase in occurrence probability level from 25 to 95 percent (risk reduction from 75 to 5 percent) delays the suitable planting date, dates of germination, flowering, and maturity of rainfed wheat by 37, 56, 35 and 28 days, respectively. It also increases the length of planting to germination stage by 19 days while decreases the length of germination to flowering, flowering to maturity stages, and total season by 22, 8 and 10 days, respectively.

Effect of sowing and irrigation cutoff date on seed yield and irrigation water use efficiency of spring berseem clover in Khouzestan

Ahmad Ali Shoushi Dezfuli; Mohammad khorramian; Ali Assareh

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 69-82

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.23152.1510

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Khouzestan province with about 1000 hectares of seed clover is the most important region for seed production of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Khouzestan province with about 1000 hectares of seed clover is the most important region for seed production of berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) in Iran. Extending the cultivation area of berseem clover (BC) is important due to the favorable effects of BC on soil fertility and the necessity of this region to a desirable crop rotation. The harvest date of summer crops such as corn leads to delay in optimum sowing date of BC. Several investigators in other areas have demonstrated that early sowing dates improved yield of BC. On the other hand, the most important factor in crop yields is water irrigation; it plays an important role in sustainable agriculture. Based on the existing literature, early sowing date reduces the number of irrigation events and increases water irrigation use efficiency (IWUE). Therefore, this experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of spring BC sowing date and last irrigation cutoff time on seed yield and IWUE. Materials and Methods This study was carried out in Safiabad Agricultural Research Center in two years (2014-15). Soil texture of the experimental field was silty clay loam, well drained without salinity (ECe=1.2ds m-1), with 0.75 percent organic carbon. The statistical design of the experiment was split plot based on a randomized complete block design with four replications. The main plots were allocated to sowing date including 10th Feb, 20th Feb, 2st Mar and 12th Mar, and the sub plots were assigned to irrigation cutoff dates including 5th Jun, 15th Jun and 25th Jun. Daily evaporation from class A evaporation pan of the Safiabad weather station (nearby the experimental field) was measured to calculate water irrigation depth, and BC evapotranspiration was calculated by applying a pan coefficient of 0.8. Irrigation interval was managed based on 80 mm accumulated evaporation from the pan evaporation. The measured traits included seed yield, IWUE, number of seeds per inflorescence (NSI), number of inflorescences per square meter (NI), days to flowering, straw production, total dry matter (TDM), harvest index (HI) and weighed a thousand seeds. Results There was a significant difference between the irrigation cutoff date for all traits except the number of days to flowering and HI. The results of the mean comparison showed that the, sowing date of 20th Feb and irrigation cutoff in 15th Jun, with seed yield (631 kg.ha-1) and IWUE (0.72 kg.m-3) was better than the other treatments. In this treatment, the plant growth period in the first sowing date (88.6 days), and the NI (623 numbers), and the NSI (37.1 numbers) was higher than the other treatments. The correlation between seed yield and other traits was positive and the stepwise regression analysis showed a positive and high effect of NI on seed yield in BC. Discussion The results of this trial confirm previous findings that BC early sowing dates, will had higher seed yield. Also, the results showed that delaying in irrigation cutoff is effective in decreasing IWUE, so that irrigation until 25 th June in comparison with 15 th June, In spite of significant increasing in yield, decreased IWUE significantly.

Estimated Extinction Coefficient, Radiation Use Efficiency and Dry Matter Distribution Coefficients Cultivar Hyola 401 of Canola in Ahvaz

hossein kamaei; Gh. Fathi; A.R. Abdali Mashhadi; J. Porreza; M.H. Gharine

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 21-34

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11952

Abstract

Background and Objectives Canola crops has a special place due to specific features among crop plants and it has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. During the period ... Read More Background and Objectives Canola crops has a special place due to specific features among crop plants and it has drawn the attention of researchers in recent years. During the period before flowering, it is observed that 72 to 83% of the total dry matter in leaves and 17 to 28% accumulates in the stem. In the period post flowering, most dry matter is (50% to 56%) in the stems that most this the material of the leaves will be obtained that they have to 8 to 11 % the total dry matter in the course. At the maturity stage, stems and pods are included 46 to 51% and 49 to 59% of the dry matter respectively. Canola reaches in time of flowering to LAI maximum and then gradually reduced LAI so that at harvest time reaches almost to zero. K value for the products with mainly vertical leaves, or with leaves coincided together that have found host state, is variable between 0.3 to 0.45. The RUE is for winter canola 1.2 and for spring canola 1.5 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. This amount at time of filling grain arrives to about 0.4 to 0.75 g/MJ photosynthetically active radiation. This experiment is to investigate share different organs canola cultivar Hyola 401 from allocation dry matter and obtain baseline K and RUE occurred in Ahvaz conditions. Materials and methods This experiment done to form factorial whit two factors planting date in three levels (November 29, December 19 and January 8) and the density at four levels (50, 70, 90 and 110 plants per square meter) in randomized complete block design with 4 replications in the 2011-2012 crop year. To measure the relation incoming radiation used from the vertical imaging. Due to having relation incoming radiation for determine the K used from the equation FI= l - exp(-k×LAl). RUE obtained from line slope of dry matter accumulation againts the cumulative radiation received. In order to describe the trend changes LAI againts the days after planting used from the equation LAl= ((a×exp((-a)×(dap-b)×c))/(l-exp((-a)×(dap-b)))2. In order to describe the distribution rate of dry matter in different plant organs from stem elongation to flowering, flowering to pod filling and pod filling to maturity stages used from the equation y=bx. Results The results showed that with increasing density, LAI rising. In addition, with delay in planting LAI showed a decreasing trend. K values obtained between the different planting dates and plant density did not show significant differences and the value it for the photosynthetically active radiation canola cultivar Hyola 401was 0.39. In addition, RUE values Obtained about 0.92 g/MJ. Effect of plant density on dry matter distribution was more than planting date. Discussion Increase in LAI by increased density can be considered due to increasing the number of plants and Increase the number of leaves. Reduce the LAI by delayed planting can be considered due to Shorten the growth period and increase in day length and temperature. Lower effect planting date than plant density on dry matter distribution canola cultivar Hyola 401 and as well as non-significance K and RUE in dates and different densities can perhaps be because climatic similarities of view day length and photoperiod and also low time interval between different planting dates.

Effects of Planting Date and Nutrition Solution Concentration on Yield and Quality Properties of Strawberry Fruit CV Camarosa Grown in Ahvaz Condition

S. Pourmombeini; S.M.H. Mortazavi; N. Moallemi; A. Mozaffari; A.A. Moezzi

Volume 38, Issue 4 , March 2016, , Pages 13-24

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11829

Abstract

This research was done to evaluate the effects of planting date and concentration of Hoagland nutrition solution on the yield and quality of strawberry fruit cv. Camarosa grown in Shahid ... Read More

An Investigation into the Effects of Planting Date on Quantity and Quality Traits of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Ghasre Shirin

I. Arji; S. Miri; v. Abdosi

Volume 35, Issue 4 , March 2013, , Pages 43-54

Abstract

Potato is one of the most agricultural plants in Kermanshah province especially in Ghasre Shirin. There is about 600 hectares potato cultivation area in Ghasre Shirin agricultural lands ... Read More

Evaluation of Reaction Soybean Cultivars to Differences of Planting Dates in North of Khouzestan Conditions

S.A K; J D; S S

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 23-41

Abstract

In order to study the effects of planting date on yield of soybean cultivars, an experiment was conducted at Agricultural Research Center of Safiabad. The design was a strip plot based ... Read More

Comparison of Sowing and Wheat Seedling Planting and its Influence on Yield and Yield Components

R A; M N; M M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 91-101

Abstract

In order to compare the direct sowing and wheat seedling planting grown with different ages and cultures in different dates, an experiment was conducted during 2009-2010 in Ahvaz Agricultural ... Read More

Effect of Planting Dates and Plant Population Densities on Physiological Indices of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)cv.Chloe

A H; N M; F S

Volume 34, Issue 2 , March 2012, , Pages 73-87

Abstract

In this research the effects of planting dates and plant density on physiological indices of gladiolus were investigated. The experiment consisted of two planting dates (15 October ... Read More

The Effect of Planting Dates and Different N-P-K Ratios on Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ahvaz

M V; A A; E F

Volume 33, Issue 1 , September 2010, , Pages 33-47

Abstract

To study the effect of different N-P-K levels and planting dates on wheat yield and N-use efficiency, a field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Faculty of Shahid Chamran University ... Read More

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Keywords = Planting date

Effect of N Fertilizer and Growth Stimulating Bacteria on Growth of Sugar Beet in Delayed Sowing

Abstract

Stochastical Analysis of Phenological Timing Traits of Rainfed Wheat in Golestan Province Using Climate Parameters

Abstract

Effect of sowing and irrigation cutoff date on seed yield and irrigation water use efficiency of spring berseem clover in Khouzestan

Abstract

Estimated Extinction Coefficient, Radiation Use Efficiency and Dry Matter Distribution Coefficients Cultivar Hyola 401 of Canola in Ahvaz

Abstract

Effects of Planting Date and Nutrition Solution Concentration on Yield and Quality Properties of Strawberry Fruit CV Camarosa Grown in Ahvaz Condition

Abstract

An Investigation into the Effects of Planting Date on Quantity and Quality Traits of Some Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars in Ghasre Shirin

Abstract

Evaluation of Reaction Soybean Cultivars to Differences of Planting Dates in North of Khouzestan Conditions

Abstract

Comparison of Sowing and Wheat Seedling Planting and its Influence on Yield and Yield Components

Abstract

Effect of Planting Dates and Plant Population Densities on Physiological Indices of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.)cv.Chloe

Abstract

The Effect of Planting Dates and Different N-P-K Ratios on Grain Yield and N Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Ahvaz

Abstract