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Evaluation of seed yield and water productivity of sesame promising line under different irrigation treatments in Borazjan region, Bushehr province

Majid Gholamhoseini; Davod Kiani; Mehrdad Norouzi; Farnaz Shariati; Gholamreza Ghodrati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47304.2185

Abstract

Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop grown for its edible oil in dry and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Because of its minimal input requirements, it is a great ... Read More Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an oilseed crop grown for its edible oil in dry and semi-arid conditions worldwide. Because of its minimal input requirements, it is a great crop to cultivate in rotation with other crops. In the context of irrigation planning and determining the optimal time to cut-off irrigation at the end of sesame cultivation in the Bushehr region, a major sesame production hub, there has been no research conducted on the available cultivars or newly introduced lines. This study hypothesises that by reducing water availability during non-critical stages of drought tolerance, it may be possible to enhance irrigation water productivity in existing sesame cultivars and lines while maintaining seed and oil yields. To test this hypothesis, the present research was designed and implemented. Materials and Methods The current experiment was carried out in 2022 and 2023 growing seasons at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center fields in Borazjan, Bushehr, Iran. The region is characterized as hot and arid, and the average yearly precipitation (over a 30-yr period), which occurs mostly during the autumn and winter months, is 250 mm for the site. This study investigated the effect of different irrigation regimes—full irrigation (80 mm evaporation) and low irrigation (160 mm evaporation)—and the timing of irrigation cut-off on yield and yield components, seed oil content, oil yield and irrigation water productivity in two sesame genotypes: Dashtestan 2 cultivar and promising line number 7. The cut-off timings were as follows: beginning of flowering, beginning of capsule formation, and mid-capsule formation. A split-split-plot design was used, with irrigation regime as the main plot, irrigation cut-off timing as the sub-plot, and genotype as the sub-sub-plot, arranged within a randomised complete block design with three replications. Results and Discussion As anticipated, the reduction in water availability under the low irrigation regime led to a significant decrease in seed yield components across both genotypes. Results indicated that for the two primary traits determining sesame seed yield—the number of capsules per plant and the number of seeds per capsule—line number 7 outperformed Dashtestan 2 under full irrigation and was less affected by reduced irrigation or earlier irrigation termination. Conversely, Dashtestan 2 had a superior thousand-seed weight. Overall, line number 7 showed a higher average yield than Dashtestan 2 across irrigation treatments, and did not require irrigation beyond the early capsule- formation stage to reach maximum seed yield, leading to water saving of at least 600 cubic metres per hectare without significant yield reduction. While the maximum irrigation water productivity was similar for both genotypes, Dashtestan 2’s efficiency gains were due to lower water use rather than increased yield, whereas line number 7 achieved both water savings and satisfactory yield (733 kg per hectare) with early irrigation cut-off during capsule setting. Although Dashtestan 2 exhibited up to 1.5% higher seed oil content, line number 7 yielded up to 24% more oil yield than Dashtestan 2. Conclusion In conclusion, replacing older sesame cultivars with new lines alongside optimal irrigation management can increase water productivity, reduce water consumption, and prevent yield losses.

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Evaluation of yield performance of a shattering tolerant sesame genotype under different Planting arrangements in the Darab and Dezful region

Majid Gholamhoseini; Gholamreza Ghodrati; Abolghasem Alhani; Saadolah Mansori; Farnaz Shariati

Volume 46, Issue 2 , September 2023, , Pages 293-305

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43685.2100

Abstract

Introduction Sesame is a low-expected and low-input crop among oilseed crops, which holds economic significance not only in subsistence agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of ... Read More Introduction Sesame is a low-expected and low-input crop among oilseed crops, which holds economic significance not only in subsistence agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran but also in terms of its agronomical characteristics. Shattering tolerant sesame genotypes are crucial for developing sesame cultivation in countries such as Iran. There is a lack of comprehensive information on crop management, including the optimal planting arrangement for imported shattering tolerant sesame genotypes. Therefore, this research was planned and executed to answer the questions regarding the proper planting arrangement of this genotype in two crucial sesame producing provinces, Khuzestan and Fars. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted in the Khuzestan (Dezful) and Fars (Darab) Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center fields during 2019 and 2020. A split-block randomized complete block design with three replications was implemented at each location to investigate the effects of 30, 45, and 60 cm row spacing and 5, 8, 11, and 14 cm plant spacing on yield and yield components of shattering tolerant sesame genotypes. The collected data were analyzed using SAS software (version 9.4), and Bartlett's test confirmed homogeneity in the variance of all studied traits. The mean values for both years were presented since the data were consistent. It is important to note that the data from each region were analyzed separately due to inconsistent variances between regions. Statistical significance was determined using an F-test, and protected LSD was used to separate the main effects when necessary. Furthermore, significant interaction effects were separated using the slicing method. Results and Discussion The experiment results indicate that reducing the distance between rows and plants increased plant height in both locations. In Darab, increasing the row distance from 30 to 45 cm increased grain yield by 6%, while a further increase in distance to 60 cm decreased grain yield. The highest seed yield of 659 kg per hectare was obtained in Darab using a planting arrangement of 45x5 cm, and the lowest yield was observed with a 21% decrease in yield for the planting arrangement of 60x14 cm. In Dezful, the maximum seed yield of 684 kg per hectare was obtained with a planting arrangement of 45x11 cm. The study results showed that in both locations, the highest grain yields were achieved with a row distance of 45 cm, and the commonly used row distance of 60 cm did not produce the highest yield in either location. Additionally, in Darab, increasing planting density by up to 42 plants per square meter increased seed yield. In Dezful, the maximum seed yield was obtained at a density of 38 plants per square meter. Conclusion This research suggests that reducing the row distance while maintaining appropriate plant spacing can be a practical approach to achieving high sesame yields. Moreover, increasing plant density can lead to a certain extent of increase in grain yield. However, beyond a certain threshold, as the density further increases, yield decreases due to increased competition among plants. Thus, optimizing planting arrangements, including row and plant spacing, is essential to achieve maximum yields in sesame cultivation.

Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Majid Gholamhoseini; Amirkhosro Danaie; Abbas Fallah toosi

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 575-587

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40492.2023

Abstract

Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) belongs to the Pedaliaceae family and is an annual and thermophilic plant known as the queen of oilseeds. Sesame is compatible with the climatic ... Read More Introduction Sesame (Sesamum indicum. L) belongs to the Pedaliaceae family and is an annual and thermophilic plant known as the queen of oilseeds. Sesame is compatible with the climatic conditions of Iran, and due to its unique characteristics, it is possible to cultivate it second after wheat in arid and semi-arid regions. To utilize the maximum production capacity of sesame, implementing the proper agronomic practices such as plant density, optimal planting arrangement and selecting the appropriate genotype is inevitable. Materials and Methods To investigate the effect of planting arrangement and planting density on grain yield of two sesame genotypes, a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out in a hot and dry region situated in Behbahan (30° 36’ N; 50° 14’ E) in 2017 and 2018. The region is characterized as arid, and the average yearly precipitation (over a 30-yr period), which occurs mostly during the autumn and winter months, is 345 mm for the site. The annual mean temperature is 24 °C. The average temperature in 2017 was similar to the long-term meteorological data trend, while in 2017, the average temperature (22 °C) was lower. In this experiment, three factors included planting arrangement (cultivation of one and two rows on the ridge), planting density per unit area (including 20, 30 and 40 plants per square meter) and sesame genotypes Behbahan (local name) and Shavin cultivar were investigated. Data were subjected to ANOVA using SAS software (9.4 version). Because Bartlett’s test revealed homogeneity in the variance of all studied traits, data were presented as the mean values for both years. When an F-test showed statistical significance at, the protected LSD was used to separate the main effects, and the significant interaction effects were separated by the slicing method. Results and Discussion The results of grain yield, as the most important trait, indicated that in single-row cultivation, the maximum yield of the Behbahan genotype (1068 kg ha-1) was obtained at a density of 20 plants per square meter. An increase in planting density caused a significant reduction in grain yield when Behbahan genotype was sown as single-row arrangement. In two-row cultivation, the Behbahan genotype responded positively to an increase in plant density and an increase in planting density was associated with a significant increase in grain yield. However, the maximum grain yield obtained in two-row cultivation with a density of 40 plants per square meter (919 kg ha-1) was 16% lower compared to the superior treatment (single-row cultivation with a density of 20 plants per square meter). In the Shavin cultivar, the maximum grain yield was obtained in single-row (683 kg ha-1) and two-row (610 kg ha-1) arrangements at densities of 40 and 20 plants per square meter. The results showed that the average grain yield of the Behbahan genotype (851 kg ha-1) was significantly higher than the Shavin cultivar (561 kg ha-1). Conclusion Overall, in the Behbahan region and for the local genotype of Behbahan, as the superior genotype, a single-row arrangement and plant density of 20 plants per square meter is recommended.

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Author = Majid Gholamhoseini

Evaluation of seed yield and water productivity of sesame promising line under different irrigation treatments in Borazjan region, Bushehr province

Abstract

Evaluation of yield performance of a shattering tolerant sesame genotype under different Planting arrangements in the Darab and Dezful region

Abstract

Assistant Professor Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract