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The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and sugarcane residue compost on soil physicochemical properties and wheat grain yield under terminal heat stress in Ahwaz

Masoumeh Makvandi; Abdulmahdi Bakhshandeh; Ali Moshatati; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; aydin khodaei joghan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 15 February 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48005.2209

Abstract

AbstractIntroduction: In recent decades, excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase the yield of agricultural products has caused many problems from economic and environmental ... Read More AbstractIntroduction: In recent decades, excessive use of chemical fertilizers to increase the yield of agricultural products has caused many problems from economic and environmental aspects. One of the ways to achieve sustainable agriculture is the use of organic fertilizers as the most effective method of plant nutrition in order to increase yield and harmonize with the environment. Applying organic fertilizer to the soil is a way to improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil and improve the availability of nutrients. On the other hand, organic fertilizers have a lower rate of release of nutrients, which can cause disruption in plant growth. Therefore, in order to create suitable and ideal conditions for plant growth, the combined use of organic and chemical fertilizers is recommended.Materials and Methods: This experiment was carried out in the form of two split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with three replications in the crop year of 2021-2022 in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan. The experimental factors include three planting dates: November 21st, December 10th, and December 30th in the main plots; Six levels of combined use of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer and sugarcane residue compost include control (without nitrogen and organic fertilizer), 100% nitrogen fertilizer, 75% nitrogen fertilizer+ 25% compost fertilizer, 50% nitrogen fertilizer+ 50% compost fertilizer, 25% Nitrogen fertilizer+ 75% compost fertilizer and 100% compost fertilizer in sub-plots and two levels of application and non-application of growth-stimulating bacteria in sub-plots. After harvesting, soil physicochemical properties and grain yield were measured.Results and Discussion: Variance analysis showed that planting date was significant on all traits including EC, pH and soil specific gravity. The combined effect of nitrogen fertilizer and compost fertilizer as well as growth stimulating bacteria on all traits was significant at the percentage level. The interaction of planting date and combined use of nitrogen fertilizer with compost fertilizer was significant on soil organic matter traits, soil temperature, soil porosity, number of seeds per square meter, 1000 seed weight and seed yield. The interaction of planting date in growth promoting bacteria on soil organic carbon and grain yield was significant. The interaction of the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and compost fertilizer in growth-promoting rhizobacteria on organic carbon, pH and specific gravity of the soil was significant, and the interaction of planting date in the combined use of nitrogen fertilizer and compost fertilizer with growth-stimulating bacteria on soil organic carbon properties and yield the seed was significant. Comparison of the average data showed that the highest soil porosity (0.49), EC (4.56 dS/m) and organic carbon (1.12 percent) were obtained from the soil treated with 100% compost. In general, the delay in planting and the occurrence of heat stress at the end of the season caused a decrease in grain yield, but in different planting dates, the combined use of 50% nitrogen fertilizer+ 50% organic fertilizer compared to the treatment of 100% nitrogen chemical fertilizer increased wheat grain yield.Conclusion: The results of the experiment showed that the combined application of nitrogen fertilizer and sugarcane compost with growth-promoting bacteria had a significant effect on seed yield, so that the highest seed yield was obtained from the combination of 50% nitrogen fertilizer+ 50% compost. The use of sugarcane compost increased soil organic matter, porosity and EC.

Evaluation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap using boundary line analysis (BLA) in Khorramshahr

Hamid Matourian; Aydin Khodaei Joghan; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; Seyed Ataollah Siadat; Benjamin Torabi

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 373-385

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43754.2101

Abstract

IntroductionFood security is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. Therefore improving crop yields are essential to meet the increasing pressure of global food demands. ... Read More IntroductionFood security is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. Therefore improving crop yields are essential to meet the increasing pressure of global food demands. The Decreasing the area of high-quality land, increasing fertilizer use, and its effect on the environment indicate that we need to develop new strategies to increase grain yields with less impact on the environment. One strategy that could help address this concern is by narrowing the yield gaps using improved management. Therefore, the present study was conducted in Khorramshahr region for recognition of best management practices, percentage of the affected fields, estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps using boundary line analysis.Materials and MethodsTo quantify the production and estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap in Khoramshahr, Farm management information of 60 wheat fields and 57 rapeseed fields in the years 2018-2019 were collected. The information was collected through continuous farm monitoring during the growing season as along with face to face interviews with the farmers. Farms were selected by consulting with agricultural service centers expert in Khorramshahr districts. Based on the available information at the agricultural service centers, only farms, which is different in terms of acreage, cultural practices and harvesting operations were selected. In this study, by plotting the distribution of the yield obtained in each field as the dependent variable against the independent variables (crop management activities), using SAS software and an appropriate function was fitted on the upper edge of the data distribution.Results and DiscussionUsing this boundary line analysis method, the average yield, attainable yield and yield gap of wheat were obtained as 3740, 5455 and 1715 kg per hectare respectively. The yield gap percentage in wheat was 31.5% and rapeseed was 48%, which indicates the high effectiveness of wheat and rapeseed in relation to the use of appropriate management methods. The analysis of the investigated data in wheat fields showed that in order to achieve the achievable yield, 258 kg per hectare of seeds, the use of Mehrgan variety, the planting date until October 24, the amount of 280 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer, the consumption of at least 100 Phosphorus fertilizer per hectare was at least 6 kg with irrigation and consumption of at least 70 kg of potassium fertilizer. Also, according to the frontier line analysis, the average yield of rapeseed farmers is 1663 kg, they can achieve a yield of 3197 kg per hectare by improving crop management, and for this purpose, the following measures should be taken into account: 1) consuming a maximum of seven kilograms of seeds per hectare 2) Planting date up to 17 November 3) Use of at least 300 kg of nitrogen fertilizer 4) At least 42 kg of phosphorus fertilizer 5) Use of Hyola 50 variety.ConclusionIn this study by examining several important management factors in growing wheat and rapeseed, optimal requirements of each factor to achieve the highest yield was determined by borderline analysis. In addition, the percentage of farms that had poor management as well as wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps in Khorramshahr. Yield responses to management practices were evaluated and studied by means of borderline analysis. Best management practices could be devised using study findings to realize the highest yield potential..

Evaluation of periods of interference and weeds control in chemical and organic nutrition management on yield and yield components of garlic

Reza Zahedipour; Aydin Khodaei Joghan; Ahmad Zare

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 105-115

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.40244.2017

Abstract

IntroductionGarlic (Allium sativum L.) as one of the medicinal plants has an important role in human health. Weeds control is very important to achieve optimal yield in agro-ecosystems. ... Read More IntroductionGarlic (Allium sativum L.) as one of the medicinal plants has an important role in human health. Weeds control is very important to achieve optimal yield in agro-ecosystems. The competitive ability relationship between plant and weeds is determined by the species' biological traits and environmental conditions such as space, light, water, and nutrient availabilities. Fertilizers play a significant role in the competition between crops and weeds in agriculture. Responses of weeds and crops to fertilizer application could be different, but many weeds tend to respond better than crop species to the high availability of nutrients. Also, the kind of fertilizer (chemical and organic) can affect crop-weed competition. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to evaluate interference and weeds control periods in the application of chemical and organic fertilizers on the yield and yield components of garlic in Ramhormoz climate. Materials and MethodsA factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications was carried out in Ramhormoz during 2019—2020 growing season. The first factor included nutritional management (chemical and organic) and the second factor included 12 treatments of interference and control period of weeds (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 and 160 days). Chemical nutrition management includes the application of urea (46% application preplanting and after emergence) and Triple superphosphate (46% application preplanting) and Organic management, including the application of cattle compost and inoculation with Mycorrhiza. Results and DiscussionThe results of analysis of variance revealed that the effect of nutritional management on height of garlic wasn’t significant and on other traits garlic (Bulb diameter, bulb weight, Number of cloves per bulb, Biological yield and yield bulb) and weeds (narrow leaf dry biomass, Broad leaves dry biomass and Total weeds dry biomass) was significant. Periods of Weed Interference and Control weed treatments on all measured traits of garlic and weeds were significant. No interaction effects of nutrition and weed management treatments on the studied traits were observed. There was a significant difference between chemical and organic nutrition management, most of the yield traits and yield components of garlic were higher in organic application than chemical fertilizers. Also, the narrow leaf biomass, broadleaf, and total weeds in chemical application in comparison to organic fertilizers increased by 11.5%, 9%, and 10.5%, respectively. During the interval period for 120 days, garlic yield decreased by 100% and with the increase of control period (control in all growing seasons), bulb yield reached the highest value (3230 g.m-2). In weed control treatment for 20 days, bulb yield decreased by more than 86% compared to weed control treatment throughout the growing season. It seems that organic fertilizers with gradual release of nutrients could affect the competition of garlic with weeds, and by using organic fertilizers, the dry weight of weeds was less than chemical fertilizers. ConclusionThe results indicated that due to the presence of weeds and the poor competitive ability of garlic against weeds, the field must be controlled for a long time and the use of manure fertilizer for organic agriculture and increasing soil organic matter is recommended.

The Effect of Sugarcane Residue Compost on Growth and Grain Yield of Triticale under Drought Stress

Seyed Naser Safi; Ali Moshatati; Mohamad Hosein Gharineh; aydin khodaei joghan

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 253-266

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2021.36017.1961

Abstract

IntroductionTriticale is a commercial cereal with a vast potential to feed human and animal. This plant can be cultivated in poor soils that are not suitable for wheat production. In ... Read More IntroductionTriticale is a commercial cereal with a vast potential to feed human and animal. This plant can be cultivated in poor soils that are not suitable for wheat production. In irrigation cutoff stress conditions, reduces growth and yield and yield components of triticale. One of the most important ways to reduce the negative effect of drought stress on plant is using compost fertilizer in the soil. Using compost fertilizer in agricultural soils lead to increase nutrient elements and conserving the soil water. Generally, compost fertilizer of sugarcane residues, improves moisture storage and physical and chemical conditions of the soil. So that sugarcane residue compost fertilizer contributes to preserving the moisture storage of the soil and to supply the nutrients required by the plant. In this study, the most important aim is to study the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on triticale yield and yield components under irrigation cutoff stress condition in Mollasani region, Ahwaz, Kuzestan province. Materials and MethodsIn order to investigate the effect of sugarcane residue compost fertilizer on growth, yield and yield components of triticale under drought stress conditions, a field experiment using a split-plot arrangement accomplished in a randomized complete block design with four replicates in the research farm of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan (in 31º N, 48º E, 35 Km north-east of Ahwaz, and 20 m above the sea level) during 2018-2019 growing season. Experimental factors include four levels of drought stress (complete irrigation, irrigation cutoff from spike emergence to physiological maturity, irrigation cutoff from pollination stage to physiological maturity and irrigation cutoff from milky-dough stage to physiological maturity) as a main factor in main plots and five amounts of sugarcane residues compost (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1) as a sub factor in sub-plots. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed that the effect of drought stress, sugarcane residue compost and their interaction on the measured traits were significant. Mean comparison showed that the maximum amount of triticale traits was obtained in full irrigation and the lowest amount was observed in drought stress from spike emergence to physiological maturity. Also, with increasing the amount of sugarcane residue compost, the amount of traits increased and reached a maximum at the level of 40 t ha-1. Mean comparison of grain yield under the interaction of drought stress and sugarcane residue compost showed that the highest grain yield (4288 kg ha-1) was under full irrigation and 40 t.ha-1 of sugarcane residue compost and the lowest grain yield (1134 kg ha-1) was obtained in drought stress from spike emergence to physiological maturity and non-use of sugarcane residue compost. In the conditions of drought stress caused by the interruption of irrigation, the vegetative and reproductive growth of the plant is reduced, which causes a decrease in yield components and ultimately leads to a decrease in seed yield. On the other hand, the use of compost fertilizer reduces the effect of stress by preserving water and providing nutrients needed for plant growth and leads to an increase in seed yield. ConclusionGenerally, the results showed that drought stress conditions decreased growth, grain yield and yield components of triticale but using sugarcane residues compost fertilizer decreased the negative impact of drought stress conditions on measured traits. Also, in areas with irrigation shortage or lack of rainfall at the beginning of flowering stage, 40 tons per hectare of sugarcane residues compost fertilizer is recommended for maintaining grain yield.

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Author = khodaei joghan, aydin

The effect of nitrogen fertilizer and sugarcane residue compost on soil physicochemical properties and wheat grain yield under terminal heat stress in Ahwaz

Abstract

Evaluation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap using boundary line analysis (BLA) in Khorramshahr

Abstract

Evaluation of periods of interference and weeds control in chemical and organic nutrition management on yield and yield components of garlic

Abstract

The Effect of Sugarcane Residue Compost on Growth and Grain Yield of Triticale under Drought Stress

Abstract