Plant Productions

Effect of different growing media on morpho-physiological, biochemical and nutrient uptake characteristics of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) under vegetative growth period

Mohammad Ali khalaj; Mohammad Hossein Azimi; anousheh yousefbeigi

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 519-531

Abstract

Introduction Ideal plant cultivation substrates have become the first and most important prerequisite for the successful cultivation of any plant. One of the appropriate methods to ... Read More Introduction Ideal plant cultivation substrates have become the first and most important prerequisite for the successful cultivation of any plant. One of the appropriate methods to achieve optimal performance and produce flowers with marketable quantity and quality is to use mineral and organic substrates as a substrate for growing ornamental plants. Today, in soilless cultivation systems, various inorganic and organic cultivation substrates are used worldwide. Not only good physical, chemical, and biological properties are important for a substrate, but a suitable culture medium must be available, relatively cheap, stable, and economically viable. Ornamental plant production worldwide has changed dramatically in the last 20 years. There are various reasons, including cheap labor and other initial costs, production has moved to new countries in Africa, Asia, and South America. Ornamental bulbous plants are herbaceous species that are morphologically characterized by regeneration structures located in underground storage organs, such as rhizomes, tubers, and bulbs. Amaryllis has a terminal inflorescence. The flowers are large and the colors vary with species, hybrids and varieties, but it varies from dark red to white, green and orange to mixtures. Amaryllis is produced commercially as cut flowers, pot plants, or propagation material (bulb), as well as gardening and landscaping. It produced as pot plant in Iran. Quality and quantity yield improvement of ornamental plants such as amaryllis is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Growing media is an agronomic factor. One of the important requirements in the production of horticultural products to achieve high yield and good quality, especially in the case of ornamental plants, is the plant cultivation media. Materials and Methods The growth of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) was evaluated using different pot mixtures (v: v). This study was conducted as a completely randomized design with three replications in the Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) in 2019-2020 on amaryllis. In this experiment, the applied treatments were included the type of substrate at 13 different levels,1) 80% perlite + 20% coco-peat,2) 60% perlite + 40% coco peat,3) 40% perlite + 60% coco peat,4) 20% perlite + 80% coco peat,5) 80% perlite + 20% peat moss,6) 60% perlite + 40% peat moss,7) 40% perlite + 60% peat moss,8) 20% perlite + 80% peat moss,9) 25% fine-grained perlite + 75% mixed perlite,10) 50% fine-grained perlite + 50% mixed perlite,11) 75% fine-grained perlite + 25% mixed perlite,12) 100% fine-grained perlite and 13) 100% mixed perlite. At the end of the experiment, Plant growth was measured by different parameters such as fresh and dry weight of shoots and root, leaf length and width, number of leaves, bulbs diameter, number of bulbs as well as nutrients uptake in the plant shoot were measured. Results and Discussion The results of variance analysis showed that there is a significant difference among substrates. It seems that the medium of 80% perlite with 20% cocopeat or 20% peat improves plant growth by absorbing more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients. Therefore, the morphological characteristics of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) were also improved. Conclusion Our findings indicate the relationship among media and improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.), which has been reported in other studies as well.

Effect of Tuber Size and GA3 on the Growth and Stimulation of Flowering of Zantedeschia pentlandii cv. Picasso

Mohammad Hossein Azimi; Behzad Edrisi; Mobina Hadi

Volume 44, Issue 3 , December 2021, , Pages 447-458

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.30436.1794

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionZantedeschia, native to southern Africa, herbaceous flowering plants in the family Araceae, with common names such as Arum lily, Trumpet lily, Pig lily, or Miniature ... Read More AbstractIntroductionZantedeschia, native to southern Africa, herbaceous flowering plants in the family Araceae, with common names such as Arum lily, Trumpet lily, Pig lily, or Miniature Calla Lily. Calla lilies are among the most colorful flowers with a unique flower form. It is one of the most important pot, cut flower and outdoor plant in the world. GA3 is sometimes used to stimulate growth and flowering of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of GA3 and different weights of rhizome on growth, development, as well as qualitative and quantitative properties, of Zantedeschia in the greenhouse. Materials and MethodsThis research was carried out to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of GA3 on micro-tuber of Z. pentlandii cv. Picasso. Micro-tuber in three sizes and average weights included; large (S1=6.20g), medium (S2=3.20g) and fine (S3=1.20g) soaked in GA3 solution with concentrations 0, 250, 500, 750 ppm for 30 minutes. Experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement with randomized complete block design with three replications. 10 micro-tuber cultured in bed with compounds of 60% coco peat and 40% perlite in greenhouse conditions. From the time of planting to harvesting, the ability of micro-tuber sprouting, leaf length, leaf width, stem length, number of flowering stems, plant height, flower diameter (spathe), number of buds, bud length, the diameter and weight of the micro-tuber after harvest were evaluated.Results and DiscussionThe results showed that the maximum length of leaf (100% more than S3GA0) length of flowering stem, diameter and length of flower (spathe) were observed in S1 tubers treated with 500 ppm (S1GA500) and the least amount was obtained in control treatment (S3GA0). The fastest germination was in S1 tubers with 750 ppm (S1GA750 36% earlier than S3GA0) and the earliest flowering was in S2 tubers with 500 ppm treated (S2GA500) which have flowering 28% earlier than S3 tubers with 250 ppm (S1GA250) but non-GA treated tubers in all three sizes have none flower. The highest weight and diameter tuber belonged to S1 tubers with 500 ppm and the lowest weight in S3 tubers without treatment. S3 tubers did not enter the flowering stage. It was shown that the GA3 treatment on Zantedeschia ‘Picasso’ tubers caused earlier flowering and the formation of a greater number of flowers and leaves. GA3 decreased the time between germination and appearance of flower. In simple effects study, large tubers (S1) and GA500 treatment were superior to other treatments in almost all traits. Also, the method of soaking of tubers with GA3 can be used in production scheduling, early efficiency and selection of superior populations in breeding programs. ConclusionThe best growth and flowering indices were S1 tubers with treatment of 500 ppm. S1 tubers with GA3 (500 ppm) treatment were superior in all traits to other treatments. The method of soaking of calla tubers with GA3 can be used in production, increasing efficiency and selecting superior populations in breeding programs.

Evaluating Important Traits of Iris Germanica Hybrids to Identify Elite Hybrids Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Volume 43, Issue 3 , November 2020, , Pages 455-466

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.28610.1723

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Iris Germanica has become the most well-known flower for landscape planning due to its colorful flowers, reproduction by creeping rhizomes, ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Iris Germanica has become the most well-known flower for landscape planning due to its colorful flowers, reproduction by creeping rhizomes, flat leaves, and a trio of flower parts, resistance to calcareous soils and adverse environmental conditions, and low watering requirements. Given the pharmaceutical-ornamental importance of I. germanica, this research was conducted to find new hybrids and their significant traits. Diversity and innovation in the field of flowers and plants are good, the world is presented with hundreds of colors and varieties and given the importance of I. germanica, the management to achieve hybridization between the new hybrid was performed. Materials and Methods Three genotypes of I. germanica with brown and blue (female parent) and yellow (paternal line) colors were selected for hybridization out of a total of 15 progenies and three parents to be evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC) in Mahallat from 2014 to 2016. Quantitative traits included leaf width, peduncle length, peduncle thickness, flower diameter, outer petal width, inner petal length, inner petal width, bush length, flowering branch diameter, and crown diameter. The statistical analysis was conducted in the SAS and Excel software packages. According to the instructions of UPOV, 10 quantitative traits and some statistical parameters such as simple correlation coefficients, estimates of broad sense heritability, phonotypical and genetically coefficient of variations were measured. Results Results showed significant (P≤0.01) differences between genotypes in all studied traits, indicating wide variations in traits except for the flower diameter. The correlation coefficients of quantitative traits among genotypes (parents and progenies) showed the most positive and significant correlation between the diameter of flowering branch and crown diameter, peduncle length, and inner length of petal. The highest broad sense heritability was related to the outer petal width (96.28), inner petal length (93.66), and bush length (93.40) and the lowest was related to peduncle length (42.58). The findings indicated that hybrid NIOP8 had the highest stem diameter. It was also superior in crown diameter, flower branch diameter, and peduncle diameter versus the other hybrids. The results indicated that hybridization has a significant effect on the traits. Discussion The hybrids NIOP5 and NIOP8 outperformed the other hybrids and parents significantly in the length of inner petal, the width of the inner petal, and leaf width.

Progeny Test of Crosses among Different Cultivars of Gladiolus

Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Volume 41, Issue 4 , March 2019, , Pages 29-44

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.21501.1460

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Gladiolus grandiflora Hort. belongs to Iridaceae family and it is one of the most important cut flower and bulb in the world. Fragrance, long vase life and color variation make it different in floriculture. Breeding and introduction of new cultivars with innovation in ornamental are important. The aim of this research was of introducing new hybrids of gladiolus through hybridization. Four cultivars in Amsterdam, White prosperity, Advance red and Rose supreme were chosen for hybridization. Materials and Methods Progenies were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Research was conducted in Ornamental Plants Reserch Center (OPRC) in Mahallat from 2015 to 2016. Quantitative traits included leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet. Finally, statistical parameters such as coefficients of correlation, mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variability, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were estimated. Results Analysis of variance among progeny (hybrids) showed that the progeny has significant differences (p≤0.01) in all traits and a wide variation in progenies was observed for all traits. NIOP9 progeny in leaf length, leaf width, stem diameter, number of leaf, days to germination, weight and diameter of cormelet was superior progenies compared to other cormelet. Lilcewise, progeny NIOP4 with 2.49 per seed was superior to cormelet. Correlation coefficients among the different progenies revealed that the most positive and significant correlation was between the number of leaves and crown diameter (r= +0.93) and the lowest level (r= -0.17) of correlation was found between the number of days to germination and number of cormelet. The highest coefficient of phenotypic variation of 57.17% was obtained for the number of cormelet and the lowest of 11.15% for the number of days to germination. The highest heritability in traits was estimated as 98.46 and 96.46% for the number of cormelet and cormelet diameter, respectively and the lowest as 12.90% for the crown diameter. Discussion All traits showed significant differences in progeny. These results indicate that the major traits in the phenotypic and genetic diversity coefficient were very low, indicating that they had less environmental effects, since the progeny was cultivated under similar and controlled conditions (greenhouse).

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Author = Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Effect of different growing media on morpho-physiological, biochemical and nutrient uptake characteristics of Amaryllis (Hippeastrum spp.) under vegetative growth period

Abstract

Effect of Tuber Size and GA3 on the Growth and Stimulation of Flowering of Zantedeschia pentlandii cv. Picasso

Abstract

Evaluating Important Traits of Iris Germanica Hybrids to Identify Elite Hybrids Mohammad Hossein Azimi

Abstract

Progeny Test of Crosses among Different Cultivars of Gladiolus

Abstract