Plant Productions

Effect of proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan and moderate salinity stress on in vitro microtuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Agria

Roghayeh Ghasemi; alireza motallebiazar; Sima Panahirad; Amin Gahanian

Volume 47, Issue 1 , June 2024, , Pages 117-130

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43532.2097

Abstract

Introduction In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been used successfully in plant tissue culture, which has a tremendous impact on the removal of microbial contamination ... Read More Introduction In recent years, the application of nanoparticles has been used successfully in plant tissue culture, which has a tremendous impact on the removal of microbial contamination of the explant through the use of these materials and also the positive role of these materials in callus formation, organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, somaclonal variation and production of secondary metabolites. Proline is a proteogenic amino acid that accumulates as a useful solvent in plants under both stress and non-stress conditions. Recent discoveries indicate that proline plays an important role in plant growth and differentiation throughout the life cycle. Chitosan was found to enhance secondary metabolite production in cell suspensions and calli of various species applied in micropropagation, chitosan could improve plantlet quality in vitro, in consequence facilitating the subsequent acclimatization of plantlets to ex vitro conditions. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the in vitro application of nanocomposite and moderate salinity can improve microtuberization. Materials and Methods After the cultivation, the jars containing the explants were transferred to the growth chamber under absolute darkness and at a temperature of 18±2°C. The cultures were kept in these conditions for 4 months without sub culturing the samples for this purpose. MS medium containing 80 g of sucrose, containing proline at concentrations of 20 and 40 mg L-1, chitosan at a concentration of 240 mg L-1, proline 20 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, proline 40 and chitosan 240 mg L-1, 120 mg L-1, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan 120 and 240 mg L-1 and control treatment, as well as non-salinity treatments with the same compounds and concentrations mentioned for salinity were cultured. Factorial experiment was conducted base on a completely randomized design with three replications on single nude explants of mentioned cultivar. Results and Discussion The results of this study show that moderate salinity has a significant effect on the first, second, third and last month of microtuberization. (in 1% level). The results of the comparison of mean microtuber yield showed that the highest yield was obtained when 240 mg of chitosan was treated with 20 mg / l of proline at moderate salinity with an average weight of 210 mg. Moreover, a concentration of 20 mg / l proline alone in moderate salinity was not sufficient to stimulate microtubers., but a concentration of 40 mg L-1 proline in mild salinity was satisfactory. According to the results of this study, it can be suggested that the use of chitosan compounds with proline and the use proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan with moderate salinity can be used to produce suitable microtuberization in the in vitro conditions of potatoes. In order to prove our results with the results of previous researchers, the results of chitosan application experiment on the growth and yield of miniature showed that application of 500 mg L-1 chitosan produced minituber weighing more than 1.5 g per seedling. Chitosan increased other traits including number of minituber per seedling, number of leaves per seedling and seedling length (Asghari-Zakaria et al., 2009). In the study of the effect of cobalt nanoparticles on the morphological characteristics of Santana cultivar in vitro, it was observed that the presence of cobalt nanoparticles caused the formation of microtubers faster, also the maximum size and function of microtubers from the combination of 2.5 mg. Cobalt nanoparticles with 80 g L-1 sucrose were obtained (Hamza, 2019). Conclusions In this experiment, proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan was successfully synthesized and according to the obtained results, it can be used in plant tissue culture and in vitro microtuberization. In the field of potato microtuberization, the use of nanocomposite showed a significant increase in the number of microtubers compared to the control, which showed a significant effect in the late stages of microtuberization. Also, the use of moderate salinity with treatment nanocomposite is effective for stimulating microtuberization, which increases microtubers yield. Based on the results of this experiment, a concentration of 120 mg L-1 proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan is a more suitable concentration for potato microtuberization.

Production of triploid plants of Mooseer (Allium. hirtifolium) through endosperm culture

Amin Jahanian; Alireza Motallebi-Azar; Jaber Panahandeh; Mohammad reza Dadpour

Volume 46, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 441-454

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43507.2096

Abstract

IntroductionThe endosperm (3n) is the food source for the embryo, which has received two polar nuclei from the maternal parent 2n and one sperm cell from the paternal parent 1n. Traditionally, ... Read More IntroductionThe endosperm (3n) is the food source for the embryo, which has received two polar nuclei from the maternal parent 2n and one sperm cell from the paternal parent 1n. Traditionally, triploid plants are created by crossing between tetraploid plants and diploid plants. To carry out this method, it is necessary to create tetraploid lines, and it is possible to double the chromosomes of diploid species by using substances that inhibit the formation of the division spindle. The advantage of endosperm culture over the traditional method is that the production of triploid plants in endosperm culture is done in a single step, and the time required to generate a triploid plant is less than in the traditional method. Increasing the level of ploidy of the nucleus can affect the plant's physiological and biochemical processes as well as altering the rate of photosynthesis, respiration, activity of genes, enzymes, and expression of isoenzymes compared with diploid types. They will have a new phenotype and can surpass the range of traits of their diploid ancestors such as increasing biomass and changing the quality and concentration of plant active ingredients, increasing resistance to drought stress, and resistance to pests. Therefore, the chance of their selection will increase.Materials and methodsImmature seeds were collected in late May, about 35 to 45 days after pollination, and mature seeds were harvested after fully ripening approximately in late July, and disinfection using a stereomicroscope with 60 times magnification under a laminar hood. The endosperm tissue was separated from the seed coat and embryo. In this study, mature and immature endosperm tissues of the mooseer plant were cultured onto hormonal compounds for callus induction in dark conditions for three months. In further experiments, the effects of sucrose were investigated at two levels of 30 and 50 gl-1 and the combination of BAP and NAA treatments on mooseer production. The flow cytometry method and chromosome counting were used to determine the ploidy levels of regenerated plants. ResultsIn this study, the treatment of 1 mg L-1 of NAA and 1 mg L-1 of BAP indicated the highest percentage of callus formation in both mature and immature tissues of mooseer endosperm. Seedlings produced in the treatment of 0.5 mg L-1 of NAA and 3 mg L-1 of BAP in culture medium with 50 g of sucrose caused the production of bulblet with greater length and diameter. The present study identified the cytogenetic properties, chromosome counts, and stomatal sizes of triploid plants regenerated from both mature and immature endosperm tissue of mooseer, using flow cytometry. A total of 12 triploid seedlings were obtained from mature tissue, while 8 seedlings were obtained from immature tissue.ConclusionTraditionally, triploids are produced by hybridization between induced superior tetraploids anddiploids, but endosperm culture is a one-step protocol. In this study, according to the sexual and asexual propagation (propagation through daughter bulbs) of mooseer, the modification and production of the triploid plants in mooseer allow the propagation of this plant through daughter bulbs. Generally, triploid plants were successfully produced through the endosperm culture method.

A Survey on Diversity of Morphological and Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate

Gh. Eghlima; J. Hadian; A.R. Motallebi Azar

Volume 40, Issue 4 , March 2018, , Pages 41-52

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13442

Abstract

Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been recently used Abstract Background and Objectives Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been ... Read More Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the family Lamiaceae, has been recently used Abstract Background and Objectives Satureja rechingeri, belonging to the Lamiaceae family, has been recently used in the pharmaceutical industry due to its high level of carvacrol in the essential oil. In order to select suitable clones for commercial cultivation in Dezful climatic conditions, in this study morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones of Satureja rechingeri were evaluated. Materials and Methods After initial screening of plant populations, 58 genotypes were selected based on their adaptation into field conditions. To evaluate the morphological and biological production traits of these clones in Dezful climatic conditions, an experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Morphological and biological production traits of 58 clones were evaluated in the second year of cultivation at the flowering stage. Results Analysis of variance showed significant differences for all studied traits (p< 0.01) among 58 clones. The most important traits varied in terms of plant height (27.83-71.50 cm), fresh weight (20.26-289.71 g/p), flower and leaf weight (4.05 to 83.62 g/p), and plant oil yields (0.07 to 1.54 g/p). Flowers and leaf dry weight had a significant and positive correlation with plant height, number of the main branches and lateral branches, leaf width, plant diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and essential oil yield. Cluster analysis grouped the 58 clones within two main groups. Factor analysis showed that three main factors justified 70.62 percent of the whole variation. Clones of Z28, Z19, K48, E7, H82, F14 and G48 were superior with regard to weight of dry leaves, flowers and essential oil yield. Discussion Superior S. rechingeri clones could be used for commercial cultivation in Dezful climate conditions. The most important biological production traits, yield of leaf and flower fraction, essential oil content and yield showed significant variation between clones. These variations could be used to breed high-quality and desirable cultivars for use in food and pharmaceutical industries.

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Author = Alireza Motallebi-Azar

Effect of proline nanocomposite coated with chitosan and moderate salinity stress on in vitro microtuberization of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Agria

Abstract

Production of triploid plants of Mooseer (Allium. hirtifolium) through endosperm culture

Abstract

A Survey on Diversity of Morphological and Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate

Abstract