Plant Productions

The effect of Thiobacillus spp. and bentonite sulfur application on the seed yield and physiological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under different irrigation regimes

Hamid Alahdadi; Alireza Yadavi; Mohsen Movahedi Dehnavi; Hamidreza Balouchi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.47066.2174

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose plant with medicinal and oil applications, primarily cultivated for edible oil and industrial dyes. Water ... Read More Abstract Introduction: Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is a multipurpose plant with medicinal and oil applications, primarily cultivated for edible oil and industrial dyes. Water resource limitations in Iran and drought stress negatively affect the growth and performance of this plant. Sulfur, as the fourth most consumed nutrient for plants, plays a vital role in photosynthesis and cell membrane structure. Excessive use of chemical sulfur fertilizers can lead to soil salinity. Therefore, bio-fertilizers have been proposed as a suitable alternative. Thiobacillus spp. bacteria help improve plant growth by providing sulfate and enhancing soil properties. Materials and methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chemical and biological sources of sulfur, including bentonite sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria, on the content of elements (N, P, K, S, Fe and Zn) of aerial organs, some physiological characteristics, and the seed yield of safflower under water stress conditions in the summer of 2023 in the research farm of Yasouj University Faculty of Agriculture located in Dashtrom. The experiment was performed as a split factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation regimes at three levels (complete irrigation and interruption of irrigation from the beginning of flowering and the beginning of seed filling) were the main factor, and the combination of bentonite sulfur fertilizer at three levels (0, 150, and 300 kg/ha) and Thiobacillus bacteria at two levels (use and non-use) were the secondary factors studied. Results and discussion: Statistical analysis showed that bentonite sulfur fertilizer and the use of Thiobacillus bacteria, significantly improved the content of aerial organ elements, physiological traits, and grain yield of safflower under drought stress. Under severe dehydration conditions (cut off irrigation from flowering stage), the highest content of elements of aerial organs, including nitrogen (2.33%), sulfur (0.149%), iron (44 mg/kg), and zinc (25.66 mg/kg), was obtained from the simultaneous application of 300 kg of bentonite sulfur + Thiobacillus bacteria. The triple interaction of irrigation regime × bentonite sulfur × Thiobacillus was also significant for traits such as total chlorophyll content, carotenoid content, total soluble sugars, and activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase and peroxidase. The highest of this these traits in each irrigation regims were observed in application of 300 kg/ha of bentonite sulfur + Thiobacillus. The content of malondialdehyde increased by cutoff irrigation from the stages of flowering and seed filling, but it decreased with the use of bentonite sulfur and Thiobacillus bacteria.The grain yield was also affected by the application of 300 kg/ha of bentonite sulfur + Thiobacillus under full irrigation and medium stress levels, with an increase of 25.28% and 45.54%, respectively. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that the application of water stress, particularly from the flowering stage, was associated with a decrease in physiological traits and seed yield of safflower. The application of 150 kg/ha sulfur-bentonite along with Thiobacillus bacteria, in addition to reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and its negative consequences, led to increased nutrient uptake, improved efficiency of biofertilizer, and enhanced seed yield under water stress conditions.

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Investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on absorption of nutrients, phytochemical, antioxidant activities and flower yeild of European borage (Borago officinalis L)

Kiamars Azadinejad; Alireza Yadavi; Amin Salehi; Hooshang Farajee; Pravin Rostampour

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48204.2219

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: Introduction: In recent years, to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance crop yield by optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in the country, application ... Read More Abstract Introduction: Introduction: In recent years, to promote sustainable agriculture and enhance crop yield by optimizing the use of chemical fertilizers in the country, application of organic materials and biofertilizers has been recommended. Because the use of chemical fertilizers with destructive environmental effects, as well as their high reliance on non-renewable energy sources, is not in accordance with the concepts of agricultural sustainability. Ecological cultivation of medicinal plants guarantees their quality and reduces the possibility of negative effects on medicinal quality and their performance. Healthy nutrition of plants with organic and biological fertilizers improves the quality of agricultural soils and increases the yield of various plants and it has the most compatibility with the purpose of producing medicinal plants. European borage with the English name Borage is from the Boraginaceae family with the scientific name Borago officinlis L. This plant has been used since ancient times in Iranian traditional medicine as a sedative, restorer of mucous tissues, expectorant, heart rate reducer, body strengthener and anti-cold. Also, borage flower extract has anti-inflammatory and anti-depressant properties. Materials and Methods: In order to investigate the effect of ecological nutritional inputs on some caracteristics of Borago officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted in form of a randomized complete block design with 3 replications in 2018-2019 in Fahlian, Noorabad, Fars province. The first factor includes compost fertilizer (rice straw + sheep manure) at three levels (zero, 5 and 10 ton.ha-1) and the second factor includes biological fertilizers at four levels (control, mycorrhizal fungus (Funneliformis moseae), Bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and mycorrhiza fungus+Bacillus bacteria). The studied traits included nutritional elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, iron, and zinc), phytochemical traits (phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity), and finally flower yield. Results and Discussion: The effect of compost and biological fertilizers under investigation was significant on all studied traits. The interaction of these factors on amount of iron and zinc, phenol, flavonoid, antioxidant activity was not significant, but it was significant on nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, anthocyanin and flower yield. The obtained results showed a significant increase in iron, zinc, phenol, flavonoid and antioxidant activity with increasing levels of compost from 0 to 10 ton.ha-1. Among the levels of biofertilizers, the highest amount of these traits was obtained from combined treatment of mycorrhizal and bacterial.The highest amount of nitrogen (1/54 %), phosphorus (0/46 %), potassium (2/48 %), anthocyanin (0/49 mg/g flower DW) and Key trait of flower yield (65/60 gr.m2) was obtained during the application of 10 ton.ha-1 of compost and the integrated application of mycorrhizal fungi and Bacillus subtilis bacteria, And the lowest amount was obtained from the control treatment without the use of compost and biofertilizers. Conclusion:According to results, although nutritional resources in European borage production led to the improvement of the studied traits, but the combined use of compost and biological fertilizers (10 ton.ha-1of compost and combination of two biofertilizers mycorrhizal and bacterial), had a greater effect and efficiency in increasing these traits especially the key trait of flower yeild. Due to the damaging effects of chemical fertilizers and the favorable effects observed for biological and organic fertilizers, the use of biological and organic fertilizers is recommended in order to cultivate European Borage.

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The effect of sources of phosphorus fertilizer on the improvement of nutrient absorption and phosphorus use efficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Saeb Jalalpour; Alireza Yadavi; Mohsen Movahhedi Dehnavi; Razieh Karami

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 January 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.48406.2231

Abstract

Abstract Introduction: After cereals, oilseeds are the second most important source of energy for human societies. Since a large part of the oil used in the country is imported from ... Read More Abstract Introduction: After cereals, oilseeds are the second most important source of energy for human societies. Since a large part of the oil used in the country is imported from abroad, the cultivation of oilseeds, including soybeans, and their proper management in order to increase yield, is very important. Phosphorus is considered the second limiting element for plant growth after nitrogen, and every year, large amounts of phosphorus in chemical fertilizers become insoluble after entering the soil and are removed from the plant's reach. One of the practical ways to use phosphorus accumulated in the land is the use of biological phosphorus fertilizers. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of mycorrhizal fungus, inoculation of phosphate biofertilizer on growth and consumption of phosphorus chemical fertilizer in Parsa soybean in 2019 at the research farm of Yasouj University located in Dashtrom. The experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Test treatments include phosphorus chemical fertilizer (triple superphosphate) at 4 levels: zero, 60 kg.ha-1, 120 kg.ha-1 and 180 kg.ha-1 and biological phosphorus fertilizer at 4 control levels, phosphate bio-fertilizer including Pseudomonas bacteria, mycorrhiza fungus (Glomus mosseae L.) and the combined use of phosphate biofertilizer and mycorrhizal fungus. Results and Discussion:The results showed that the interaction effect of the applied treatments on the leaf area index was significant and the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of chemical fertilizer along with inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus increased the leaf area index by 112.61% compared to the control. Inoculation with phosphorus biofertilizer had a significant increasing effect on the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed. The highest increase in the concentration of nutrients in shoot and seed was related to inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus and the lowest was related to the control. The interaction of phosphorus chemical fertilizer and biological phosphorus fertilizer on grain yield was significant. The highest seed yield (2085 kg.ha-1) was obtained with the consumption of 180 kg.ha-1 of triple superphosphate and inoculation with phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhizal fungus, and the lowest seed yield (971.67 kg.ha-1) was obtained at zero level of chemical fertilizer and and biological fertilizer control treatment. The results showed that with the increase in the use of chemical fertilizers, the phosphorus use efficiency decreases. At the level of 60 kg of superphosphate fertilizer used, the application of phosphate biofertilizer + mycorrhiza could create a significant increase in this attribute compared to other levels of biofertilizer and it had a 38.17% increase compared to the control. Conclusion:Therefore, in this research, the incorporation of phosphorus biofertilizers, including phosphate dissolving bacteria and mycorrhizal fungi, increased vegetative growth and improved seed yield and plant oil yield, and improved phosphorus utilization efficiency in soybeans. While with the increase in the consumption levels of phosphorus chemical fertilizers, the efficiency of the use of biological fertilizers decreased significantly.

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The Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Different Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Varieties under Weed Competition

Soraya Haghanian; Alireza Yadavi; Hamidreza Balouchi; Ali Moradi; Yaeghoub Behzadi

Volume 42, Issue 2 , June 2019, , Pages 195-210

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.22805.1497

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Competition, as one of the key issues and complex phenomena, is in the ecophysiological discussions of plant communities and is influenced ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Competition, as one of the key issues and complex phenomena, is in the ecophysiological discussions of plant communities and is influenced by many factors that can be attributed to weed interference with the crop and the use of fertilizer inputs. Considering that nowadays the use of plant oils and sesame cultivation has increased, the aim of this study was to investigate the response of sesame cultivars to nitrogen increase in competition with weeds to identify the limitations and benefits of nitrogen use. Materials and Methods The experiment was conducted as a split factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications at Omidieh (Khuzestan Province) during the summer of 2013. The main plot consisted of nitrogen fertilizer application levels (control [non-use] and use of 50 and 100 kg/ha nitrogen from urea form) and subplots were in a factorial combination of sesame varieties (Behbahan landrace, Yellow-white, tn-238, and tn-240) and weed competition in two levels (weed free and weed infest). In this experiment, morphological traits, harvest index, yield, and yield components of sesame were measured. Results The results showed that the effect of different amounts of nitrogen, weed competition, and sesame varieties on yield and yield components were significant. The interaction effects of nitrogen and sesame varieties on the leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index of sesame were significant. Increasing nitrogen improved LAI but weed interference reduced the number of capsules per plant by 23 percent. The effect of weed on 1000 grain weight showed that weed competition decreased this trait by 7.5 percent. The effects of nitrogen, cultivar, and weed competition on grain and biological yield were significant, so that the highest grain yield (158.06 gm-2) belonged to the 100 kg N treatment and between different varieties of sesame obtained from the Behbahan local variety(151.38 gm-2). Compared to the control (no nitrogen) the highest level of nitrogen treatment increased 31 percent in biological yield. In weed-free conditions, the Biological yield was more than the weed-infested treatment, so that the weed control increased the biological yield by 24 percent. Discussion Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the cultivation of Behbahan local variety with the application of 100 kg N, under Omidieh regional conditions, has been Improved many traits of sesame, including plant height, leaf area index, number of capsules per plant, and 1000 grain weight that this improvement was due to the get maximum yield.

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Nitrogen on Forage Quantity and Quality Yield of Sweet Corn

A M; H B; A Y; S M

Volume 35, Issue 1 , June 2012, , Pages 43-54

Abstract

In order to study the influence of municipal solid waste compost and nitrogen fertilizer on forage quantity and quality yield and some morphological traits of sweet cornan experiment ... Read More

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Author = Y, A

The effect of Thiobacillus spp. and bentonite sulfur application on the seed yield and physiological characteristics of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) under different irrigation regimes

Abstract

Investigating the effects of organic and biological fertilizers on absorption of nutrients, phytochemical, antioxidant activities and flower yeild of European borage (Borago officinalis L)

Abstract

The effect of sources of phosphorus fertilizer on the improvement of nutrient absorption and phosphorus use efficiency in soybean (Glycine max L.)

Abstract

The Effect of Nitrogen on Yield and Yield Components of Different Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Varieties under Weed Competition

Abstract

Effect of Municipal Solid Waste Compost and Nitrogen on Forage Quantity and Quality Yield of Sweet Corn

Abstract