Plant Productions

Comparison of germination and primary growth of Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm seedling in different culture media under in vitro condition

Frouzan Valadi; Jalal Khorshidi; Ali akbar Mozafari; Yavar Vafaee

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 129-140

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42629.2068

Abstract

Introduction Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm is an orchid species which its underground organ is harvested and has numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. ... Read More Introduction Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm is an orchid species which its underground organ is harvested and has numerous applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The population of this orchid species in the natural habitat has been greatly reduced and is at risk of extinction due to the low germination percentage, required specific ecological conditions and also overharvesting. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate different propagation methods in order to approach ex situ conservation, domestication and cultivation of this plant species. Vegetative propagation of orchids is difficult, time-consuming and expensive, and also a small number of propagules can be obtained from each mother plant. Sexual propagation in ex vitro condition is also difficult due to low endosperm of orchid seeds, undifferentiated embryo and need to symbiosis with mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, it seems that in vitro seed germination is the most suitable method for producing orchid seedlings. The most important and crucial step in seedlings mass production is selecting appropriate growth media for in vitro cultivation. Therefore, in this research, the effect of different culture media on the germination and seedling growth of Ophrys schulzei was studied. Materials and Methods In this research, germination, protocorm formation and growth indices of Ophrys schulzei seedlings were evaluated in 5 different culture media including Malmgren, Orchimax, P723, and . At first, the seeds were sown in the mentioned culture media and transferred to the growth chamber with 25ºC and dark conditions. After germination, they were placed in a refrigerator at 4ºC for two weeks. At the end of two weeks, the culture containers were placed in the growth chamber with 25ºC and light conditions 16/8 h (light/dark). After 12 months from seed sowing, the mentioned factors were evaluated. This research was conducted as a completely randomized design with 5 replications at Research Center of Medicinal Plants Breeding and Development of University of Kurdistan, in 2019-2022. Results and Discussion The highest (25.26%) and lowest (0%) germination percentage were observed in Malmgren and Orchimax culture media, respectively. Protocorms were appeared earlier in the Malmgren medium than other media (19.33 days after seed sowing). Protocorms on medium were stayed in initial form, and no significant development was observed. Protomeristems were appeared earlier in Malmgren medium compared to P723 and (105.66 days after seed sowing). There was no significant difference between P723 and in terms of protomeristem appearance time (1/4 B5 148.33 and P723 159 days after seed sowing). Seedlings were formed only in P723, Malmgren and culture media. The highest protocorm weight (0.12 g) was belonged to the Malmgren culture medium, and the highest root length (21.44 mm), root weight (0.19 g), aerial weight (0.05 g), seedling length (45.98 mm) and seedling weight (0.37 g) were belonged to the seedlings grown in P723 medium. In terms of the number of roots and shoot length, no significant differences were observed between the three culture media. Conclusion In general, among the studied culture media, Malmgren and P723 were determined the most suitable culture media for production of Ophrys schulzei seedlings.

Effect of Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA) Foliar Application on Chilling and Postharvest Quality of Tomato (cv. Newton)

Lolav Zarei; Mahmoud Koushesh Saba; Yavar Vafaee

Volume 43, Issue 2 , September 2020, , Pages 199-212

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.27796.1681

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Tomatoes are considered the favorite and most widely consumed vegetables in the world since their fruit is rich in minerals, vitamins and antioxidant ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Tomatoes are considered the favorite and most widely consumed vegetables in the world since their fruit is rich in minerals, vitamins and antioxidant compounds. Tomato fruit is harvested after physiological maturity at different color stages based on consumption type. Mature unripe tomato fruit could be stored for long time and be ripened according to market demand, but this tropical product is susceptible to low temperature, which imposes serious constraints in postharvest period and supply chains. Several techniques or chemical treatments have been used to decrease low temperature deleterious effects. Gamma-mino butyric acid (GABA), as an efficient tool, could increase plant resistance to chilling injury (CI) during postharvest life. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of pre-harvest GABA spray on postharvest quality changes and chilling of tomato fruit during cold storage. Materials and Methods In this study, the effect of pre-harvest application of GABA at three concentrations (0, 5 and 10 mM) on postharvest quality and chilling of tomato cv. Newton was evaluated. The spray was carried out 2 weeks before harvest. Fruits were harvested after physiological maturity when the fruit color changed from pink to red. During storage period at 4 °C and 90-95% relative humidity, some fruit quality attributes such as weight loss, firmness, chilling injury of tomato fruit, soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and fruit bioactive constituent were analyzed at days 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20. Results Chilling in control fruit was 25% at final assessment, while in 10 mM GABA treatment it was only 8.33% at the same time. GABA treatments decreased the rate of weight loss and retained fruit firmness during storage. Also, vitamin C and titratable acidity in GABA treatments were higher than those of untreated fruit. Fruit lycopene content increased during fruit storage in both treated and untreated fruit, but the value was greater in GABA treatments than the control. SSC increased during fruit storage, but it was greater in control than the treatments. While superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased in both treated and untreated fruit, the rate of decline in control fruit was greater than GABA treatments. Discussion Pre-harvest foliar application of GABA ameliorated chilling injury induced by cold storage, maintained quality properties of tomato fruit, and increased lycopene content. GABA treatments probably lessened deteriorate effect of low temperature through keeping fruit cell integrity and higher bioactive constituent levels.

Effect of Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid Foliar Application on Physiological Characters of Tomato (cv. Namib) under Salinity Stress

L. Zarei; M. Koushesh Saba; Y. Vafaee; T. Javadi

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2018.13547

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity and salt accumulation in the soil surface is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit agricultural crop production in ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Salinity and salt accumulation in the soil surface is one of the most important abiotic stresses that limit agricultural crop production in the arid and semi-arid regions of Iran. Thus, finding an alternative production technique or materials to alleviate stress condition is a research priority. One way to decrease the harmful effects of salinity is the foliar application of some chemicals such as Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to increase plant tolerance to salinity. GABA is often accumulated in plants in response to live and non-live stresses such as drought, salinity, oxygen deficit, heat shocks and contamination of pathogens. Materials and Methods The current study was carried out to monitor the GABA effects on tomato physiological changes under salinity stress. The plants were grown in hydroponic system and received 0 and 50 mM NaCl as control and salinity stress, respectively. GABA at three concentrations 0, 10 and 20 mM was applied as a foliar application in either control or salinity treatments. Physiological characteristics of relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), proline, total soluble protein (TSP) and enzymes activity, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and total soluble carbohydrates (TSC) were measured. Results The results showed that salinity stress and GABA were effective on the physiological characteristics of tomato. GABA can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stresses, including salinity stress. MSI, chlorophyll a, total chlorophyll, carotenoids in salinity treatments were lower than control while TSC, proline, peroxidase and SOD increased. RWC, MSI, proline, TSC of GABA treated plant were greater than untreated in either salinity or control conditions. Also, SOD and peroxidase activity elevated in GABA treated plant under salinity stress. Discussion GABA increased antioxidant capacity in the plant and thus might eliminate radicals and prevents the destruction of cell membrane tissue, including the chloroplast membrane. In general, the results showed that in salinity stress conditions, GABA application as a compatible osmolytes might improve the tomatoes physiological performance and alleviate salinity stress.

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Author = Vafaee, Yavar

Comparison of germination and primary growth of Ophrys schulzei Bornm. & Fleischm seedling in different culture media under in vitro condition

Abstract

Effect of Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid (GABA) Foliar Application on Chilling and Postharvest Quality of Tomato (cv. Newton)

Abstract

Effect of Gamma-Amino-Butyric Acid Foliar Application on Physiological Characters of Tomato (cv. Namib) under Salinity Stress

Abstract