Plant Productions

Evaluation of phenotypic diversity of cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) and grain yield in spring wheat cultivars under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions

Nasrin Valipour; Hadi Alipour; Reza Darvishzadeh

Volume 46, Issue 1 , June 2023, , Pages 65-78

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.39617.2003

Abstract

IntroductionBread wheat is the first grain and the most important annual crop in the world. Like other crops, wheat faces many environmental constraints such as a lack of trace elements ... Read More IntroductionBread wheat is the first grain and the most important annual crop in the world. Like other crops, wheat faces many environmental constraints such as a lack of trace elements during its growth period. Zinc deficiency is a common micronutrient disorder in wheat-growing areas of the world. The growing degree-days (GDD) index is reliable compared to the time calendar due to its stability. These indices are important for comparing genotypes whose physiological developmental stages do not match. Temperature is an important meteorological variable in the study of plant growth and development processes and therefore its study on short time scales leads to a more accurate estimate of thermal need due to the relatively wide range of temperature changes in different phenological stages, setting the planting date. Studying the effect of temperature on wheat genotypes should be based on sufficient time and temperature to complete the phenological stages in which grain yield components are formed. Materials and MethodsTo study the phenological stages, cumulative growing degree-days, and grain yield and its components in 64 spring wheat cultivars under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions, a study was conducted in the 2019-2020 cropping season based on a simple lattice design in the research field of Urmia University, Iran. Phenological stages include the number of days to germination, the number of days to booting, the number of days to pollination, the number of days to physiological maturity, and the grain filling period with their GDDs during the growing season in each pot based on 50% of the samples were determined to have reached the relevant vegetative stage. In addition to phenological stages along with the number of grains per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield were examined. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance revealed that there is a statistically significant difference among all cultivars in terms of all studied traits except the number of days to pollination under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions. According to the results of descriptive statistics, grain yield, the number of grains per spike, and thousand-grain weight decreased and phenological traits increased under zinc deficiency conditions compared to optimal conditions. Among phenological traits, not only the number of days to spike showed relatively high variability but also had a significant relationship with grain yield under zinc deficiency based on the results of correlation and regression analyses. The factor analysis showed that under optimal conditions, the first four components explained 87.81 percent of the total variation, so that the contribution of the first to fourth components were 38.38, 21.52, 15.88, and 12.3 percent. Under zinc deficiency stress conditions, the first five components explained 95.68 percent of the total variation, so that the first to fifth components explained 34.62, 18.48, 17.51, 14.66, and 10.40 percent, respectively. Cluster analysis classified all spring wheat cultivars into three and four clusters under optimal and zinc deficiency stress conditions. ConclusionBased on the results of cluster analysis under optimal and zinc deficiency stress conditions, Neishabour, Golestan, and Gahar cultivars were identified as desirable and tolerant cultivars that can be used in future breeding programs. The results of cluster analysis were confirmed by results of canonical discriminant function results

Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Agro-Morphological Traits in Iranian Peppers Population (Capsicum annuum L.)

Mohsen Salehian; Reza Darvishzadeh; Mahmoud Rezazadeh Bari; Mitra Jabari; Marjan Jannatdoust

Volume 45, Issue 2 , September 2022, , Pages 157-168

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2022.37868.1988

Abstract

IntroductionThe study of genetic diversity is an important step in planning crop breeding programs. According to researchers, diversity of the population under selection ensures the ... Read More IntroductionThe study of genetic diversity is an important step in planning crop breeding programs. According to researchers, diversity of the population under selection ensures the desired results in breeding programs. In this regard, using the capacity of local populations to create new cultivars and achieve maximum diversity is very efficient. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the agro-morphological traits of pepper populations to identify the breeding potential of local populations for producing hybrid cultivars. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, 30 populations of Iranian peppers were planted in five replications in the research greenhouse of Department of Plant Production and Genetics of Urmia University, in order to study the genetic variability in terms of some agro-morphological traits. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) in pot conditions in 2016-2017. In this study, variance analysis (ANOVA) and mean comparison of traits by Duncan's multiple range test, estimation of phenotypic correlation by Pearson method and principal component analysis on correlation coefficient and also cluster analysis by Ward method has done and realized. Also, the variance components, heritability (h2), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), and environmental coefficient of variation (ECV) were calculated. Results and DiscussionThe results showed significant difference among the populations for all studied traits. The highest phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) (88.36) was observed for single fruit weight and also the highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) (83.63) was observed for the same trait (single fruit weight). The pulp weight and fruit yield (0.950) had the highest significant positive correlation coefficient and the single fruit weight and fruit number (-0.558) had the highest significant negative correlation coefficient. According to the results of hierarchical cluster analysis, the studied populations were divided into five clusters based on the studied traits. The Tabriz population in the first cluster and the Gharah Bagh-Urmia population in the fourth cluster were superior in the fruit number trait. ConclusionIn this study based on the results of mean comparisons Bash Ghala (from Urmia), Nakhchivan (from Urmia) and Keshtiban (from Urmia) populations were superior in terms of most of the studied traits. Also, Bash Ghala (from Urmia), Nakhchivan (from Urmia) and Keshtiban (from Urmia) populations were in the same cluster had higher fruit yield than other studied populations. Therefore, these populations can be used as one of the top parents in the intersection with other populations to create desirable genetic compounds.

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Mitra Razi; Reza Darvishzadeh; Hamed Doulati Baneh; Mohammad Esmaeil Amiri; Pedro Martinez-Gomez

Volume 44, Issue 4 , December 2021, , Pages 515-530

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.34003.1925

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties ... Read More AbstractIntroductionOne of the most important goals of grapes breeding is to obtain seedless grapes with large berries and good taste. In order to achieve table and raisin grape varieties with good quality, desirable taste and larger berries with various colors, it is necessary to estimate the breeding value of the desired traits. In this study, breeding values of fourteen characters in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) pediction. The purpose of the study was to estimate the breeding value of the grape cultivars and to identify the superior cultivars. The results of this study can be of great help to breeders in selecting cultivars with favorable market traits and cultivars with better yield. Materials and MethodsIn this study, 45 grape cultivars in the collection of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azerbaijan Province were used. From each of the cultivars in the first year of research, ten 14-year-old plants were selected and TSS, pH, TA, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set in open and under controlled pollination were investigated. The characteristics were measured for three consecutive years. Results and DiscussionBased on the results, considering the sum of the breeding values of all the studied traits, Agh Shani, Taifi, Qzl Ouzum, Lal Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez and Qara Shani cultivars had the highest rank. Among the studied seedless cultivars, Rejin cultivar had the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight, and Keshmeshi Sefid cultivar in terms of seed number. Among the seeded cultivars, Shirazi cultivar showed the highest breeding value in terms of single seed weight and Qara Shani cultivar in terms of seed number. Garmian, Rishbaba Qermez, Keshmeshi Qermez, Tabarze Qermez, Agh Shani and shirazi had positive breeding value for pollen germination, fruit set in open pollination and fruit set under controlled pollination. Sarghola, Gazandaii and Qzl Ouzum cultivars had the high and positive breeding value for berry weight and fresh weight. Lal Qermez, Rishbaba Qermez and Tabarze Qermez cultivars had high and positive breeding value for cluster weight, cluster width and cluster weight. Genotypes with the highest breeding value had the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring. Therefore, they can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in crop breeding programs. ConclusionIn this study, breeding values of fourteen characters including total soluble solids, titratable acidity, berry weight, flesh weight, single seed weight, seed number, juice volume, fruit set in open pollination, pollen germination, cluster length, cluster width, cluster weight, fruit set under controlled pollination in 45 grape cultivars were predicted using the best linear prediction (BLUP) prediction. Studied cultivars showed different breeding values for the studied traits. Genotypes with the highest breeding value can be used as a desirable parent to modify these traits in grape breeding programs as these genotypes have the highest ability to transfer their traits to offspring.

Sequential Path Analysis Based on Yield and Morpho-Physiological Characteristics in Squash Landraces from Northwest of Iran

Davoud Mardanzadeh; Reza Darvishzadeh; Bahman Zahedi

Volume 42, Issue 1 , April 2019, , Pages 115-132

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.15317.1244

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Squash is an annual herbaceous plant and grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Europe and America. Edible species are divided into three ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Squash is an annual herbaceous plant and grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Europe and America. Edible species are divided into three groups of zucchini or courgette, gourd and pumpkin squash. The seed of pumpkin squash has high nutritional value due to its high protein and oil content. Iran is ranked fourth in terms of production and cultivation area of squash in the world after China, India and Russia. The present study was conducted in order to determine the most important morphological and physiological characteristics influencing yield in squash landraces from Northwest of Iran. Materials and Methods Eighteen squash landraces comprising 11 confectionery landraces, 5 gourd landraces and 2 ornamental landraces were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replications in Saatlou research station of West Azerbaijan. The landraces were evaluated for morphological and physiological characteristics based on International Board for Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR)) descriptor. Results The results of phenotypic correlations revealed that the characteristics including number of fruit, fruit weight, 100 seed weight, fruit diameter, seed thickness, plant height, internodes length, primary branch and fruit pH and characteristics including seed weight, peduncle lengths, sepal’s length of female flower and fruit total soluble solids have positive and significant correlations with fruit yield at 1 and 5 percent probability level, respectively. In stepwise regression, four features including internodes length, sepal’s length of female flower, chlorophyll percentage and fruit pH were entered in model. The results showed that fruit pH and internodes length have the most direct and positive effect on the fruit yield, and the percentage of chlorophyll has the highest indirect effect through internodes length on the fruit yield. Discussion Sequential path analysis showed that selection of genotypes based on only correlation coefficient may not be effective. Several characteristics were identified to explain squash yield during path analysis. Selection based on identified characters would be more effective in improving yield in squash breeding programs.

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

A. Hajiali; R. Darvishzadeh; B. Zahedi; J. Abbaskohpayegani

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 29-40

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12555

Abstract

Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of ... Read More Background and Objectives Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus Thunb) belongs to the genus Cucurbita and the family Cucurbitaceae. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the level of genetic variation among Iranian watermelon accessions originating from different regions of the country by morphological traits. Materials and Methods Sixteen accessions together with two commercial watermelon cultivars were planted in completely randomized block design with three replications in Agricultural Research Center of Urmia in 2013.Fifteen traits including leaf length, leaf width, plant length, number of fruit per plant, fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, fruit mass, fruit skin, 100 seed weight, seed length, seed width, pH, TSS and yield were assessed on the studied accessions. During fruit ripening, four fruits from each plot were randomly selected and the traits were measured according to InternationalBoard for PlantGenetic Resources Institute descriptor. The TSS was assessed by using refractometer and the pH by using pH meter. Results Analysis of variance showed that there is a meaningful difference between genotypes for all studied traits except for pH, stem length and number of fruits per plant. According to the results, fruit yield ranged from 24626 kg h-1 in Charleston Gray genotype to 13444 kg h-1 in Hamedan 817 accession. The percentage of TSS varied from 9.27% in Crimson sweet genotype to 5.1% in Khorasan 806 accession and fruit pH varied from 5.63 in Hamedan 817 accession to 4.78 in Charleston Gray genotype. Phenotypic coefficient of variation was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation for all studied traits, indicating the significant effects of environmental effects. The highest positive correlation (0.968) was observed between pulp weight and fruit weight and the highest negative one (-0.815) was observed between TSS and seed length. The highest heritability was seen for 100 seed weight and the lowest one for pH. Cluster analysis with Ward method, classified the studied accessions in to three different groups. The maximum distance was observed between genotypes of groups 1 and 3. Discussions The results revealed a rather high level of genetic polymorphism and wide genetic variation between accessions, which offer valuable information for conservation and management of genetic resources and utilizing them in watermelon breeding programs. The genetic distance between accessions is a valuable parameter to conserve and use a given germplasm in breeding activities. It was proved that crosses between unrelated and genetically distant parents will show more power hybrid than crosses between genotypes closely related.

Increasing the Expression of Genes Chavicol O-Methyl Teransferase and Cinnamate 4-Hydroxilase under Methyl Jasmonate Treatment in Medicinal Plant Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Leyla Hassani; Babak Abdollahi Mandoulakani; Reza Darvishzadeh; Abbas Hassani

Volume 39, Issue 3 , December 2016, , Pages 101-112

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.11961

Abstract

Background and Objectives Basil is a rich source of phenylpropanoids and enzymes Chavicol o-methyl transferase and cinnamate 4-hydroxylase are involved in the biosynthesis of these ... Read More

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Author = Reza Darvishzadeh

Evaluation of phenotypic diversity of cumulative growing degree-days (GDD) and grain yield in spring wheat cultivars under optimal and zinc deficiency conditions

Abstract

Evaluation of Genetic Variability of Agro-Morphological Traits in Iranian Peppers Population (Capsicum annuum L.)

Abstract

Estimating Breeding Value of Pomological Traits in Grape Cultivars Based on REMAP Molecular Markers

Abstract

Sequential Path Analysis Based on Yield and Morpho-Physiological Characteristics in Squash Landraces from Northwest of Iran

Abstract

Exploring Genetic Diversity of Some Iranian Watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris) Accessions in Urmia Climatic Conditions

Abstract

Increasing the Expression of Genes Chavicol O-Methyl Teransferase and Cinnamate 4-Hydroxilase under Methyl Jasmonate Treatment in Medicinal Plant Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

Abstract