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Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids under infection with cyst nematode

Jamshid Soltani Idaliki; Hassan Hamidi; Mozhdeh Kakueinezhad; Masoud Ahmadi; Javad Rezai

Volume 46, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 319-334

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.42990.2081

Abstract

AbstractIntroductionCystic nematode is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and extent of this nematode in Iran and in order to prevent its damage, ... Read More AbstractIntroductionCystic nematode is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet growth. Considering the importance and extent of this nematode in Iran and in order to prevent its damage, it is recommended to use resistant cultivars. The prerequisite for the development of resistant cultivars is the presence of resistant genotypes. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative yield of new sugar beet hybrids and determining their agronomic value in the field with natural infection under sugar beet cyst nematode in Razavi Khorasan province. Materials and MethodsIn order to determine the agronomic value of advanced sugar beet hybrids, 15 new domestic hybrids along with two resistant (Aria) and sensitive (Sharif) control cultivars were evaluated during the years 2020 and 2021 in the field infected with cystic nematode in Torogh Agricultural Research Station (Mashhad) in the form of randomized complete block design with four repetitions. The investigation of resistance to sugar beet cyst nematode of 17 genotypes was also carried out under greenhouse conditions using a completely randomized design with 10 replications. Muller's method was used to evaluate cultivars under greenhouse conditions. After performing the homogeneity of variances test through Bartlett's test, composite analysis of two years' data was done. By using correlation coefficients between measured parameters, their relationships were compared to each other. In order to group the experimental materials, Ward's cluster analysis was used. LSD test was used at the probability level of five percent to compare the mean of the traits. Results and DiscussionThe combined analysis of variance showed a significant difference between the hybrids in terms of all traits. Mean comparison showed that hybrid SBSI 126 had the highest root yield (57.91 tonha-1). In addition, this hybrid had higher values of sugar content, sugar yield and white sugar yield than the resistant control cultivar (Aria) as well as the average of all genotypes. The SBSI 138 hybrid had the lowest values of root yield, sugar yield, white sugar yield, sugar content and white sugar content, and it was the most sensitive genotype to cyst nematode among the genotypes after the sensitive control variety (Sharif). The results of cluster analysis in the field experiment showed that hybrids SBSI 126, SBSI 129 and SBSI 128 had high yield potential and were placed in one cluster.Correlation coefficients of studied traits showed that the highest positive and significant correlation (0.97) was found between root yield and sugar yield and the highest negative and significant correlation (-0.93) was also obtained between extraction coefficient of sugar and sugar beet molasses. There was a positive and significant correlation at the level of 1%between white sugar yield and root yield (0.85), sugar content (0.40), sugar yield (0.95), potassium (0.57), nitrogen (0.51) and molasses sugar percentage (0.25). While a negative and significant correlation was observed between white sugar yield and alkalinity coefficient (-0.52) at the level of 1%. In this research, there was a significant difference at the level of 1% between the evaluated genotypes in greenhouse conditions in terms of female index of the cyst nematode (FI). The results of cultivar grouping according to Schmidt and Shannon showed that the SBSI 126 genotype with the lowest index (11.66%) has the highest resistance among genotypes. ConclusionIn general, the results showed that the SBSI 126 hybrid can be recommended as a cyst nematode-resistant hybrid for growing in infected fields due to its resistance and high white sugar yield..

Correlation between Yield and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet Cultivars with Rhizomania Disease Indices under Field Infection Conditions

Masoud Ahmadi; Hassan Hamidi; Jamshid Soltani Idliki; Javad Rezaei; Mozhdeh Kakueinejad

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 15-28

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.32377.1873

Abstract

IntroductionRhizomania viral disease is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet cultivation and significantly reduces its yield. The most important way to deal with this disease is ... Read More IntroductionRhizomania viral disease is one of the limiting factors of sugar beet cultivation and significantly reduces its yield. The most important way to deal with this disease is to use resistant cultivars. Materials and MethodsIn order to evaluate the correlation between yield and qualitative traits of sugar beet cultivars with rhizomania disease indices, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with 12 different sugar beet cultivars in four replications in test site with natural infection with rhizomania in Torbat-e-Jam area at two years (2017 and 2018). The traits studied in this study included root yield, sugar content, sugar yield, white sugar content, white sugar yield, sodium, potassium, trace nitrogen, alkalinity, sugar extraction coefficient, leaf growth score, root growth score, disease severity and ELISA test index (OD). Analysis of variance was performed using SAS v.9.1 statistical software. Mean comparisons of traits were performed using LSD test at the probability level of 5 and 1%. Results and DiscussionAnalysis of variance showed significant differences among genotypes for all studied traits except for sodium. Cluster analysis of yield, crop quality as well as rhizomania severity of infection divided the sugar beet cultivars into three groups (resistant, semi-resistant and sensitive). Correlation between traits in a rhizomania infected field and different levels of resistance to rhizomania was different. In all cultivars with different levels of resistance, there was a significant correlation between pure sugar yield with leaf growth score (r=0.88 **), root growth score (r=0.85**), disease severity (r= -0.84 **) and ELISA index (r= -0.67 **) was observed. Therefore, these traits are suitable indicators for evaluation of cultivars for suseptibility or resistance to rhizomania disease. In addition, correlation between ELISA index with disease severity (r=0.83**), leaf growth score (r= -0.61 **) and root growth score (r= -0.67 **) was significant. ConclusionAccording to the obtained results, because the ELISA test and determining the virus concentration is expensive, and on the other hand, this index had a positive and very significant correlation with the severity of the disease infection, so the disease severity index can be used to evaluate cultivars for resistance to rhizomania disease.

Modeling the Effect of Plant Density on Leaf Production and Senescence of Wheat in Terminal Stage Water Holding Conditions

S.A. Razavi; H. Hamidi; Gh. Azizi; R. Asghari

Volume 41, Issue 1 , June 2018, , Pages 117-129

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12428

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's major cereal crops. Approximately, one sixth of the total arable land is cultivated with wheat. ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the world's major cereal crops. Approximately, one sixth of the total arable land is cultivated with wheat. Plant density is an important management factor on crop yield. A major component in a crop growth model is leaf area development which has a major influence on photosynthesis and transpiration. Leaves senesce because of the natural biological process of ageing, but the effect of water deficit can markedly reduce leaf longevity. The aim of this research was to model the effect of plant density on the production and aging leaves of two wheat cultivars (Gascojen and Pishtaz) under irrigation cut off conditions at the end of growth period. Materials and Methods In order to model of leaf production and senescence in wheat, the experiment was conducted as a factorial based on randomized complete block design with four replications. The experiment was carried out at research farm of Saleh abad, Torbatjam, Iran in 2011. Treatments of this experiment were plant densities (50, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 plant in m2) and cultivars (Gaskojen and Pishtaz). In this experiment, irrigation was removed in stem elongation and seed development stages. Results Phyllochron in wheat approximately was 102 GDD and showed ending after receiving 900 GDD. Plant density had no effect on leaf appearance and phyllochron. Leaf senescence in the main stem started when the main stem had about 5 leaves and proceeded at a rate of 0.7 per unit increase in GDD. Leaf production per plant versus main stem leaf number occurred in two phases; phase 1. Production increased when plant leaf number occurred with a slower and density-independent rate: phase 2. Production increased with a higher and density-dependent rate of leaf. A close relationship was found between the fraction of senesced leaves per plant and the same fraction on the main stem. Leaf lifetime average decreased with increasing density. Gaskojen was paramount to pishtaz variety in number and lifetime of leaf. Discussion The results showed that leaf production and senescence of wheat in different plant densities on terminal stage water holding conditions could be quantified using different equations

Study on the effects of medium, sterilization and hormonal treatment on micropropagation of some apple (Mallus domestica Borkh.) rootstocks

N. Mohamadzadeh Moghadam; H. Hamidi

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 41-54

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.14039.1189

Abstract

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn order to increase yield in apple orchards, multiplication of rootstocks is essential, and it depends on the availability of a simple and easy proliferation ... Read More AbstractBackground and ObjectivesIn order to increase yield in apple orchards, multiplication of rootstocks is essential, and it depends on the availability of a simple and easy proliferation method of rootstocks. The study investigated the effect of disinfection, culture condition and plant growth regulators on the rate of contamination, number of lateral branches, stem length, number of leaves, callus creation and the rate of branch creation of rootstocks MM106, MM111 and B9.Materials and MethodsA factorial experiment was carried out as a completely randomized design with three replications. Surface sterilization of explants with different concentrations of mercuric chloride and sodium hypochlorite (mercuric chloride 0.1% for 3 minutes and ethanol 70% for 30 seconds; mercuric chloride 0.1% for 5 minutes and ethanol 70% for 30 seconds; NaOCl 0.75% for 15 minutes and ethanol 70% for 30 seconds) was done and then explants were cultivated in modified MS, WPM and DKW mediums. The evaluated characters were infection percent of explant, number of lateral branches, stem length, percentage of callus induction and number of leaves. Data were analyzed using SAS software. The analysis of variance on the test data was performed at 5% level and comparison to the middle of the Duncan test.ResultsResults showed that using a mercuric chloride (0.1%) and ethanol (70%) respectively for 3 Minutes and 30 Seconds achieved the least contamination. Results showed significant differences between plant hormone and rootstocks for traits. In this test, the modified MS medium with 0.1 mg/L BA hormones with the largest percentage growth had more successful establishment. Average comparisons showed that rootstock MM106 in terms of all traits had a significant difference with other rootstocks. The highest stem length, number of leaves and callus creation were shown in rootstock MM106. In order to investigate the effect of hormone levels on branch creation, different levels of BAP (6-Benzylaminopurine) and IBA (Indole-3-butyric acid) were used. The best medium was the culture containing 0.1 milligrams per liter IBA plus 2 milligrams per liter BAP.DiscussionsIn general, the present results showed that genotypes respond differently to in vitro conditions. The rootstock B9 by the above method showed better response to branch creation trait than other genotypes.

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

A. Mahdipour; S. Khavari Khorasani; H. Hamidi; E. Azizi

Volume 39, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 103-118

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12045

Abstract

Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures ... Read More Background and objective Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the most popular vegetable in many countries. It is characterized by translucent, horny appearance of kernel when matures and wrinkled when it dries. The efficiency of maize breeding programs would be significantly enhanced if superior crosses could be predicted before field evaluation based on screening of parental inbred lines. Even though remarkable advances in maize breeding have been achieved, field trials involve significant resources and are time consuming. However, field tests still have an irreplaceable role in modern hybrid breeding programs. Determining performances of maize inbred lines as potential hybrid parents in field experiments based on combining ability of inbred lines and heritability of traits that are related to grain yield is very important in breeding programs. Materials and methods This experiment was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Mashhad, Iran in 2012-2013. The experimental materials were 37 sweet corn genotypes consisting of 18 inbred lines and 19 single cross hybrids that were evaluated in complete block design (CRD) with three replications. In each plot, seeds were planted in two 5m length rows with 75cm between two rows. The final plant density was 7.6 plants per square meter. The measured traits were some of morphological and phenological characteristics, yield and yield components that were recorded for 10 competitive plants or ears in each experimental plot. Analysis of variance was performed by SAS ver 9.1. Means with significant differences were compared using Duncan’s multiple range tests. Results The results showed significant differences between different sweet corn genotypes for all studied traits (p≤0.01). The mean comparison showed that hybrid Temptation* chase with 26.273 ton/ha has the highest conservable grain yield. Also, the highest heritability belonged to tassel length with 96.63 %. The most yield heterosis and heteroblitiosis were 280.72 and 337.1 percent in genotype Temptation 2* Chase, respectively. The cluster analysis divided genotypes to 4 clusters with inbred lines located in A and B clusters and single cross hybrids in C and D clusters. Discussion We concluded that the selected elite single cross hybrids like Temptation*Chase can be used as good candidates for final comparison yield trials in future breeding programs.

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Author = Hamidi, Hassan

Evaluation of quantitative and qualitative yield of promising sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) hybrids under infection with cyst nematode

Abstract

Correlation between Yield and Qualitative Traits of Sugar Beet Cultivars with Rhizomania Disease Indices under Field Infection Conditions

Abstract

Modeling the Effect of Plant Density on Leaf Production and Senescence of Wheat in Terminal Stage Water Holding Conditions

Abstract

Study on the effects of medium, sterilization and hormonal treatment on micropropagation of some apple (Mallus domestica Borkh.) rootstocks

Abstract

Studying Heritability and Heterosis of Traits of Inbred Lines and Single Crosses Hybrids of Sweet Corn (Zea mays L.)

Abstract