Plant Productions

Evaluation of Changes of Light Use Efficiency and Growth Indices of Rapeseed Cultivars under the Condition of no Irrigation and Increased Levels of Plant Density

Hana Aboodeh; Abdelmahdi Bakhshandeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Seyed Amir Moosavi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 August 2023

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43064.2086

Abstract

IntroductionGrowth analysis serve a significant perspective on the yield and physiological aspects of crop plants. In the early stages of plant growth, the growth indicators, including ... Read More IntroductionGrowth analysis serve a significant perspective on the yield and physiological aspects of crop plants. In the early stages of plant growth, the growth indicators, including the leaf area index (LAI), the crop growth rate (CGR) of decreases, and then due to suitable vegetation conditions, the absorption of light radiation will be better, and the accumulation of plant dry matter also increases, and after that due to plant aging and yellowing, the number of leaves and LAI are reduced. The amount of light radiation absorbed by the plant varies during the crop growth period, which depends on the Leaf Area Index (LAI) and the arrangement of the leaves on the plant.Materials and MethodsThe experiment was conducted in the research farm of Khuzestan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources in 2021-2022. In this research, the effect of three factors of irrigation interruption, rapeseed genotypes and plant density was investigated in the form of factorial split with the base design of randomized complete blocks in three replications. The factor (no interruption of irrigation (control), interruption of irrigation at the beginning of flowering until the formation of 50% of the pod and interruption irrigation at the stage of pod formation until harvest the main factor, rapeseed cultivars Hayola 4815 and Aram and plant density per meter square (80, 110 and 140 plants per square meter) were considered as secondary factors.Result and DiscussionIrrigation interruption caused a decrease in growth indicators, including the amount of plant dry matter accumulation, leaf surface index, and leaf surface durability. The changes in harvest index and durability of leaf surface and accumulation of dry matter at the beginning of the development of leaves had a slow trend until a little before the appearance of inflorescences, but after that the slope of the mentioned parameters increased. During the experiment, changes in growth parameters including LAI, LAD, RGR, CGR and TDW were evaluated. At the beginning of the plant growth season, the growth rate of the product was low due to the lack of complete vegetation cover and proper light consumption efficiency. In all treatments, with the passage of time, the growth rate of the crop was gradually increasing and it reached the maximum value in the reproductive stages and then went through a decreasing process. The effects of stopping irrigation on dry weight were evident and the accumulation of dry matter was observed during the increasing time, which can be due to the increase in dry weight of stems, leaves and reproductive organs over time. Also the relative growth rate also showed an increasing trend with the increase of the leaf area index at first and then a decreasing trend.ConclusionThe highest amount of grain yield, active photosynthetic radiation and the lowest light consumption were assigned to Hayola 4815 genotype. Aram genotype had a high leaf area index and increasing the leaf area index too much in the plant causes more shading of plants on top of each other and young leaves turn into older leaves.

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Evaluation of Wheat and Rapeseed Yield Gap Using Boundary Line Analysis (BLA) in Khoramshahr

hamid matourian; aydin khodaei joghan; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat; SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Benjamin Torabi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 December 2023

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.43754.2101

Abstract

IntroductionFood security is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. Therefore improving crop yields are essential to meet the increasing pressure of global food demands. ... Read More IntroductionFood security is one of the most important challenges facing humankind. Therefore improving crop yields are essential to meet the increasing pressure of global food demands. The loss of high-quality lands, increasing fertilizer use, and its effect on the environment indicate that we need to develop new strategies to increase grain yields with less impact on the environment. One strategy that could help address this concern is by narrowing the yield gaps using improved management. Therefore, the present study was conducted in khoramshahr region for recognition of best management practices, percentage of the affected fields, estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps using boundary line analysis.Materials and MethodsTo quantify the production and estimation of wheat and rapeseed yield gap in Khoramshahr, Farm management information of 60 wheat fields and 57 rapeseed fields in the years 2018-2019 were collected. This information was collected through continuous farm monitoring during the growing season as along with face to face interviews with the farmers. Farms were selected by consulting with agricultural service centers expert in Khoramshahr districts. Based on the available information at the service centers, only farms, which is different in terms of acreage, cultural practices and harvesting operations were selected. In this study, by plotting the distribution of the yield obtained in each field as the dependent variable against the independent variables (crop management activities), using SAS software and an appropriate function was fitted on the upper edge of the data distribution.Results and Discussion.Using this boundary line analysis method, the average yield, attainable yield and yield gap of wheat were obtained as 3740, 5455 and 1715 kg per hectare respectively. The yield gap percentage in wheat was 31.5% and rapeseed was 48%, which indicates the high effectiveness of wheat and rapeseed in relation to the use of appropriate management methods. The analysis of the investigated data in wheat fields showed that in order to achieve the achievable yield, 258 kg per hectare of seeds, the use of Mehrgan variety, the planting date until October 24, the amount of 280 kg per hectare of nitrogen fertilizer, the consumption of at least 100 Phosphorus fertilizer per hectare was at least 6 kg with irrigation and consumption of at least 70 kg of potassium fertilizer. Also, according to the frontier line analysis, the average yield of rapeseed farmers is 1663 kg, they can achieve a yield of 3197 kg per hectare by improving crop management, and for this purpose, the following measures should be taken into account: 1) consuming a maximum of seven kilograms of seeds per hectare 2) Planting date up to 17 November 3) Use of at least 300 kg of nitrogen fertilizer 4) At least 42 kg of phosphorus fertilizer 5) Use of Hyola 50 variety.ConclusionIn this study by examining several important management factors in growing wheat and rapeseed, optimal requirements of each factor to achieve the highest yield was determined by boundary analysis. In addition, the percentage of farms that had poor management as well as wheat and rapeseed yield potential and gaps in Khoramshahr. Yield responses to management practices were evaluated and studied by means of borderline analysis. Best management practices could be devised using study findings to realize the highest yield potential.

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Construction of Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve Based on Stem Dry Matter in Rapeseed

SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Abolfazl Derakhshan

Volume 45, Issue 1 , May 2022, , Pages 143-156

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2020.31971.1854

Abstract

IntroductionThere are mathematical equations to distinguish nitrogen (N) status based on the concept of critical nitrogen (Nc), the lowest N concentration required to achieve maximum ... Read More IntroductionThere are mathematical equations to distinguish nitrogen (N) status based on the concept of critical nitrogen (Nc), the lowest N concentration required to achieve maximum growth. The Nc demonstrates the ideal N status in crops. Whenever crop N concentration is greater than the Nc, at that time N is in surplus, but if it is less, then N is inadequate. The contribution of the stem dry matter (SDM) toward total crop dry matter is significantly higher than that of other tissues, therefore, it is the most determinant factor for N dilution of the whole plant. The objectives of this research were to construct a Nc dilution curve based on SDM and to evaluate the plausibility of this curve for assessment of the N nutrition status of spring rapeseed. Materials and MethodsA field experiment was conducted with seven levels of N fertilizer application (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 kg N ha-1) in which the amount of the SDM and stem N concentration (SNC) of two spring rapeseed cultivars (Hyola 401 and Dalgan) were measured during the growing season. The approach proposed by Justes et al. (1994) was used to construct the SDM basis Nc dilution curve. The N nutrition index (NNI) on each sampling date was calculated by dividing actual SNC by stem Nc concentration. The accumulated N deficit (Nand) in rapeseed stems for each sampling date was determined by subtracting the N accumulation in stems under the Nc condition from actual N accumulation in stems under different N fertilizer application rates. Results and DiscussionOverall, both SDM and SNC showed an increasing and decreasing trend with increasing crop age, respectively, regardless of fertilizer treatment. The Nc dilution curve of both cultivars during the growing season was described by the equation Nc = 5.71SDM-0.29. Both NNI and Nand criteria were able to diagnosis the N deficiency or excess in the spring rapeseed cultivars studied. At all of the crop growth stages, there was a significant positive correlation between the difference value of the N application rate (∆N) and the difference value of NNI (∆NNI). For both cultivars studied, however, the positive correlation between ΔN and differences in Nand among N fertilizer treatments (ΔNand) was not significant at early growth stages. In any case, for accurate management of N fertilizer during the growing season, it is sufficient to determine only one of the two NNI or Nand criteria per day from planting to silique formation, and then the N fertilizer required for maximum growth is calculated based on the equations presented to describe the relationships between ΔN and ΔNNI or between ΔN and ΔNand. The most important application of the Nc dilution curve is to determine the N requirement of crops during the growing season under variable field conditions. These curves can be used as ideal and economically efficient tools for accurate management of fertilizer in the field, which is very important from the aspect of environmental protection and human health. Both NNI and Nand were well able to distinguish the N status of spring rapeseed. ConclusionThe present Nc dilution curve based on SDM provides an insight into N nutrition status in spring rapeseed crop and can serve as a novel tool to improve N fertilization management in spring rapeseed.

Evaluating Quality Indices of Extracts in Green and Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting

Reza Moradi; SeyedAtaollah Siadat; Abdolreza Siahpoosh; Abdulmahdi Bakhshandeh; Mohammad Reza Moradi Telavat

Volume 42, Issue 3 , December 2019, , Pages 402-415

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2019.25618.1595

Abstract

Abstract Background and Objectives International forces and public pressure to prevent environmental pollution have changed burnt sugarcane harvesting to green sugarcane harvesting ... Read More Abstract Background and Objectives International forces and public pressure to prevent environmental pollution have changed burnt sugarcane harvesting to green sugarcane harvesting in most important sugarcane-producing regions of the world. In the major countries that produce sugarcane, sufficient research has been done on green sugarcane harvesting. Due to climate difference between Iran and other countries, it is essential to investigate all the aspects of green cane harvesting such as the quality indices of extracts in Khuzestan, Iran. Materials and Methods To compare extract quality in burnt and green sugarcane harvesting, a test was performed in 2015-2016 at Emam Khomeini Agro industry company (latitude 31,44o N, longitude 48,44o E and 24 m asl). A spilet plot design was used. Three sugarcane varieties with different ripeness durations were considered as the main plot and five harvesting methods and ratooning including burnt harvesting, green cane harvesting without rationing, green cane harvesting with rationing, green cane harvesting with one reshape replication and green cane harvesting with two reshape replications with four replications were considered as the sub plot. Trash percent, extraction percent (Ex), total solid material solute in extract (Brix), sugar percent in extract (Pol), extract purity degree (Pty), recovery sugar percent in factory (R.S) and the yield were studied. Results Results showed the varieties had a significant difference regarding all the parameters except Ex. Maximum Ex (%41.863), and the yield (93 t/ha) belonging to Cp69-1062 varieties. Cp73-21 had the maximum Brix (%20.35) and Pol (%18.16). Methods of harvesting and ratooning caused a significant difference as to the trash percent, R.S, the yield and Brix. The mean of trash in green harvesting was 7 %but it was 4% in burnt harvesting. Maximum Brix belonged to the burnt but had no significant difference with that of the green harvesting. Pol percent in the burnt was not significantly different from the two green harvesting methods. The average yields of burnt and green harvestings were 83 t/ha and 74 t/ha respectively. Finally, green harvesting increased Pty. Discussion The results of this study show that in green cane harvesting, as compared with burnt cane harvesting, the trash is increased and the yield is decrease. Because the trash prevents the recovery sugar, we expected that quality indices in green cane harvesting to be worse than burnt cane harvesting. However, due to having fresh cane in green cane harvesting, the parameters of quality, especially the purity, were higher than those in burnt cane harvesting. In the executive phase, the difference between the green and burnt harvesting is more than this experiment because a cane field that has been burnt for harvesting is usually detained for more than 12 hours for transporting the cane to the factory, resulting in much lower quality. The benefits of green cane harvesting will better be understood now if the trash is decreased in green cane harvesting by setting and changing the harvesters.

Effect of water height on physiological and agronomical characteristics of rice cultivars in Ahvaz

A. Lotfi jala abadi; S.A. Siadat; G. Fathi; A. Ebdali; A. Gilani

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 77-92

Abstract

In order to study the effect of plot water height on some agronomical and physiological characteristics of rice cultivars in Ahvaz, a field experiment was conducted experimental field ... Read More

Effect of the rate and split application of urea fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative yields of sugarcane ratoon

A. Koochekzadeh; G. Fathi; M.H. Gharineh; S.A. Siadat; S. Jafari; Kh. Alami Saeid

Volume 36, Issue 3 , December 2013, , Pages 119-129

Abstract

The influence of different rates and split application (AP) of Nitrogen (N) on qualitative and quantitative characteristics of first sugarcane ratoon (Saccharum officinarum L.) cultivar ... Read More

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Author = SeyedAtaollah Siadat

Evaluation of Changes of Light Use Efficiency and Growth Indices of Rapeseed Cultivars under the Condition of no Irrigation and Increased Levels of Plant Density

Abstract

Evaluation of Wheat and Rapeseed Yield Gap Using Boundary Line Analysis (BLA) in Khoramshahr

Abstract

Construction of Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve Based on Stem Dry Matter in Rapeseed

Abstract

Evaluating Quality Indices of Extracts in Green and Burnt Sugarcane Harvesting

Abstract

Effect of water height on physiological and agronomical characteristics of rice cultivars in Ahvaz

Abstract

Effect of the rate and split application of urea fertilizer on qualitative and quantitative yields of sugarcane ratoon

Abstract