Plant Productions

Investigating integrated weed management on yield and yield components and qualitative traits of Canola in rotation with Maize

Negar Atashbar; Ali Monsefi; Esfandiar Fateh

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 17 April 2024

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.43934.2106

Abstract

Abstract Introduction Conservation tillage practices and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface have a positive effect on the yield of crops by reducing the germination and ... Read More Abstract Introduction Conservation tillage practices and the presence of crop residues on the soil surface have a positive effect on the yield of crops by reducing the germination and establishment of weeds during crop growth. The presence of weeds is one of the most important factors that reduce agricultural products in the world and it leads to a large reduction in the yield of agricultural products. Weeds, as one of the effective limiting factors for canola cultivation, cause a decrease in the yield of canola due to the competition in absorbing the environmental resources of growth such as nutrients, radiation and water. On the other hand, mixing weed seeds with canola reduces the quality of its oil. Therefore, this experiment was conducted with the aim of investigating the integrated management of weeds and alternating plowing on the yield and some agricultural characteristics of canola in the conditions of Ahvaz. Materials and Methods In order to investigate the effect of sequential tillage and weed management, research was conducted in the year 2021-2022 in the research farm of the Faculty of Agriculture of Shahid Chamran University, Ahvaz. The lay out of this research was an experimental design of split plots in the form of randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The main factor of tillage in three levels: 1) zero tillage-zero tillage, 2) reduce tillage-conventional tillage and 3) Conventional tillage-zero tillage and the sub-plot of weed control in six levels: 1) control, 2) hand weeding, 3) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare in installments of 15 and 30 days after sowing, 4) cycloxidem herbicide 2 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing, 5) crop residues as surface mulch (maize @ 5 tone per hectare) and 6) crap residues + cycloxidem herbicide was 1.5 liters per hectare at 30 days after sowing. Statistical analysis of data was done using SAS software and comparison of averages with LSD method. Results and Discussion The results of the experiment showed that the highest Seed number per Silique, the highest seed yield, the highest biological yield and the percentage of oil in the treatment were related to the mutual effects of conventional tillage and manual weeding. The highest Silique number per plant and the weight of 1000 seeds were in the conditions of conventional tillage and the application of 2 liters of herbicide per hectare in installments. The highest rate of harvest index was obtained with (26.80) percent in the condition without tillage and the application of 2 liters of Cycloxidum herbicide per hectare in installments. Conclusion The use of conventional tillage and the use of cycloxidum herbicide 2 liters per hectare in division along with manual weeding can be effective in controlling weeds and increasing crop yield. In other hand the use of integrated management of weeds and the use of an effective combination of different methods of weed control with sequential tillage, which is effective in terms of society and the environment, and can also reduce the damage caused by weeds and burning of residue.

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Investigating the rapeseed yield gap in Dehloran

Marzieh Absalan; Esfandiar Fateh; َAmir Aynehband; Abolfazl Derakhshan

Volume 46, Issue 3 , December 2023, , Pages 455-472

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.43006.2082

Abstract

IntroductionAs suitable agricultural land for increasing crop production is decreasing, while the expansion of agricultural land is associated with irreparable damage to the environmen, ... Read More IntroductionAs suitable agricultural land for increasing crop production is decreasing, while the expansion of agricultural land is associated with irreparable damage to the environmen, intensifying sustainability in existing agricultural land is the only way to increase production to meet the increasing demand for food resources. Therefore, investigating the biophysical limitations on yield and estimating yield gaps in the cultivated lands, as well as reducing this gap, is one of the ways to increase the yield per unit area. After soybean, rapeseed is the world's second produced oilseed. Ilam province is one of the most important oilseeds producer regions of the country, including rapeseed, and about 80% of the rapeseed crop of this province is produced in the border city of Dehloran, and this city is one of the pioneer cities and the main pole of rapeseed production in the province. Therefore, according to the importance of rapeseed in Deholran city, this study was conducted with the aim of determining the limiting factors of rapeseed production in Dehloran. Materials and MethodsIn the present study, all the management operations were performed from seedbed preparation to harvesting in 51 farms were recorded through field studies during the years 2021 to 2022. In this study, the yield gap was estimated by the method of yield comparison analysis and borderline analysis, and to determine the yield model, the relationship between quantitative and qualitative variables was measured and yield was evaluated by step-by-step regression method. Results and DiscussionDetermining the limiting factors on rapeseed production in the studied area showed that there was a gap between the actual yield of farmers and the yield predicted by the model of about 833.54 kgha-1, which was the contribution of the variables of potash fertilizer consumption, sulfur consumption, and the number of irrigations. The consumption of micronutrients from this yield interval was equal to 102.99, 118.56, 442.20 and 169.79 kgha-1, which is equivalent to 12.36, 14.22, 53.05 and 37, respectively. 20% of the total yield gap was observed. Gap analysis of rapeseed yield showed that the number of irrigations alone accounts for 53% of yield reduction compared to attainable yields.ConclusionAs, there is a need to irrigate the field in the very early planting date in October, it seems that with better management of rapeseed for this planting date in the region, the occurrence of drought stress can be reduced to the plant and to some extent fill the gap in the existing yield. In addition, 57% of the yield gaps in the region were related to the use of potash, sulfur and micronutrient fertilizers, which can be easily removed this limitations in the fields.

Effect of Thiobacillus and Nitrocara Biological Fertilizers and Foliar Application of Zinc and Iron on Some Qualitative Characteristic and Remobilization of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

R. Jashni; E. Fateh; Amir Aynehband

Volume 40, Issue 1 , June 2017, , Pages 1-14

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2017.12067

Abstract

Background and Objectives Oil crops could be considered as a valuable resource for providing the plant oil for cooking. Canola is one of the main oil crops the third oil crop after ... Read More Background and Objectives Oil crops could be considered as a valuable resource for providing the plant oil for cooking. Canola is one of the main oil crops the third oil crop after soybean and oil palm. The macro and micro nutrients have an important role in plant nutrition. The biological fertilizer could be effective in sustaining agriculture program. Material remobilization is an important process in transporting the nutrition from leaf and stem to grains. The nitrogen fertilizer increases wheat grain yield, Nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, grain protein, zinc and iron. Application of nitrogen fertilizer improves the canola biological yield and stem dry weight at flowering stage. The main goal of this research was the comparison of the micro and macronutrients and biological fertilizer on some qualitative characteristics and remobilization of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) Material and Methods In order to evaluate the effect of biological fertilizers and micronutrients on some qualititive traits and remobilization of rapeseed (Brassica napus (L.) var. Hyola 401), an experiment was conducted in the Research Station of Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran in 2012-13. The experimental design was factorial based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The treatments were microelements in six levels (control, zinc sulfate (2 and 4 cc.lit-1), iron chelate (2 and 4 cc.lit-1) and combined zinc and iron fertilizers (2 cc.lit-1)) and the second factor was application of biofertilizers in 3 levels (seed inoculation with Thiobacillus with Sulfur Bentonite, Nitrocara + Thiobacillus Sulfur Bentonite and control). The canola (cv. Hyola401) was seeded on 13 Nov. 2013 and harvested on 21 Apr. 2014. Each plot size was 7.2 m2 consisting of 5 rows of canola plants. Foliar application of zinc sulphate and iron was done at 2 %4 /1000 concentration in stem elongation and flowering stages. Results Due to the interaction of biological fertilizer and micronutrient elements, the highest plant individual yield (10/62 g/m2) and the lowest remobilization efficiency(13.85%) were achieved from Nitrocara + Thiobacillus bacteria with combined zinc and iron (2cc.lit-1). The highest oil percent (48.47%) was also revealed at Thiobacillus bacteria with combined zinc and iron (2cc.lit-1), While the lowest oil percent (31%) was obtained at control treatment. Discussions Finally, the results of this study revealed that the canola seeds inoculated with bio-fertilizers and with foliar application of micro-nutrients reduced consumption of chemical fertilizers such as nitrogen fertilizers can be useful in improving the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of oil varieties of canola. Also, the highest individual plant yield was obtained by application of Thiobacillus + Nitrocara and Zinc + iron application. The results suggested that the microelements not onlt increased the grain zinc and iron content (36-41%), but also improved economical yield and grain oil contents.

Comparison of different green manure biomass The effects of different green manure on soil fertilization and weed density reduction

kh d; e f; A A

Volume 39, Issue 2 , September 2016, , Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2016.12069

Abstract

Abstract: In order to study the effect of different green manure crops on soil fertilization and weed population a field experiment was conducted in experimental farm of Agricultural ... Read More

Investigation of integrated mineral nutrient management son yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

A. Mowaghatian; E. Fateh; A. Aynehband; A. Siahpoosh

Volume 37, Issue 2 , September 2014, , Pages 113-126

Abstract

In order to study the effects of chemical and biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of fennel an field experiment was conducted in Agricultural Facultyof ShahidChamranUniversity ... Read More

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Author = E. Fateh

Investigating integrated weed management on yield and yield components and qualitative traits of Canola in rotation with Maize

Abstract

Investigating the rapeseed yield gap in Dehloran

Abstract

Effect of Thiobacillus and Nitrocara Biological Fertilizers and Foliar Application of Zinc and Iron on Some Qualitative Characteristic and Remobilization of Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

Abstract

Comparison of different green manure biomass The effects of different green manure on soil fertilization and weed density reduction

Abstract

Investigation of integrated mineral nutrient management son yield and yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare)

Abstract