Mahnaz Rahmati; Rahmatollah karimizadeh
Abstract
Introduction
Crop development and breeding are critical for guaranteeing food security, improving nutritional quality, and mitigating the impact of changing climate. On the other hand, ...
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Introduction
Crop development and breeding are critical for guaranteeing food security, improving nutritional quality, and mitigating the impact of changing climate. On the other hand, Crop development and breeding are complicated and difficult processes that need the evaluation and selection of genotypes based on various characteristics. The Multi-trait Genotype Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) and Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (SIIG) are strong and adaptable techniques for choosing superior genotypes of diverse crops based on numerous attributes. These are multivariate selection indicators that incorporates different characteristic information into a single value and ranks genotypes based on their distance from an ideal genotype. The aim of this study was to select promising wheat lines based on yield and other agronomic traits using selection index of MGIDI and SIIG.
Material and Methods
In this study, 14 promising line selected from the wheat breeding program of the rainfed agriculture research institute and sent from the ICARDA international research center along two checks were evaluated in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications at the Sarab-Chengaei research station during 2021-2023 cropping season. Experimental plots were composed of eight 6m long cropping rows spaced at 15 cm, with a seed density of 350 seeds per m2. Fertilization was carried out according to the chemical analysis of the soil. All experimental plots were harvested with an experimental grain harvester.
Results and Discussion
Genotypes of G15, G14, G2, G10, and G8 had the highest grain yield with an average yield 4169, 3911, 3907, 3870 and 3809 kg/ha, respectively. Based on the MGIDI index, lines G2 and G15 were selected as desirable lines. The results of the SIIG index indicated that G2, G15 and G9 genotypes with the high value of SIIG (0.68, 0.64 and 0.63, respectively) were superior genotypes. The positive and significant correlation was showed between grain yield with number of grain/m2, grain filling rate and peduncle length. It is suggested that these traits are important in yield enhancement of genotypes. Cluster analysis classified genotypes into three primary classes. Class 1 consisted of early maturity genotypes with low yield, class 2 consisted of maturity date genotypes with low yield, class 3 consisted of early maturity genotypes with high yield.
Conclusion
The line G15 and Qaboos cultivar with the lowest MGIDI value and higher yield than average yield of other genotypes was selected as the ideotype using the MGIDI index. Based on SIIG index, lines G15 and G9, and Qaboos control cultivar were the best genotypes. In this way, line G15 are suggested for future breeding program or as a promising line for the cultivar introduction program. The high yield of Qaboos control cultivar show the advantage of planting this cultivar in areas with similar climate in experimental site.
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