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Evaluation of grain yield and days to heading relationship in North of Khuzestan province

Seyed Mahmoud Tabib Ghaffary; esmaeilzadeh mohsen

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 April 2025

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2025.47888.2200

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important staple foods for the human diet worldwide. In 2022, wheat has been cultivated in 219.2 million ha worldwide with a total production ... Read More Wheat (Triticum spp.) is one of the most important staple foods for the human diet worldwide. In 2022, wheat has been cultivated in 219.2 million ha worldwide with a total production of over 808.4 million tons. This makes it the third most important crop in terms of global production. Wheat is cultivated across a wide range of latitudes, from 67° North to 45° South including highly diverse environmental conditions. Wheat is a staple commodity for human feeding including Iranian society and that is why it located as the first priority in Iran’s agricultural development program. Self-sufficiency on wheat production in a few last decades has become a national goal in Iran and resulted successful outcomes. Breeders should determine biotic and abiotic stresses in target environment and minimize their negative effects on yield using different breeding approaches. Temperature is an important environmental factor that its irregular variation consequently effect on terminal yield. Heading date is still an important phonologic criterion in wheat breeding and genotypes comparison. Materials and methods Average of minimum and maximum temperature in two periods, from sowing to heading as well as Heading to physiological maturity, in six growing season from 2012-2013 to 2017-2018 were recorded and calculated to evaluate their effect on grain yield. In this study, the data of 14 international treasury and 12 national experiments of the warm southern climate (a total of 1226 genotypes) have been used between the crop years 1391-92 to 1396-97.. two stages before and after the appearance of the spike and The influence of thermal factors in each stage and their relationship with grain yield have been investigated. Considering that the date of physiological treatment was recorded for the first repetition, the data related to the first repetition of each vault and experiment were used in the evaluation phase after the appearance of the spike to calculate the correlation coefficients. The META-R software, which was designed in 2015 at the International Maize and Wheat Breeding Center (CIMMYT), was used to analyze the variance and calculate the genotypic and phenotypic correlation coefficients of the data of each experiment. Results and Discussion Thermal amplitude (T Max- T Min) is an environmental index to evaluate thermal effect on phonologic stages, growth and development and yield. Variation in minimum and maximum average of temperature from sowing to heading were 7.61 -18.96 0C in earliest and 7.62-21.46 0C in latest genotypes, respectively. From heading to Physiological maturity minimum and maximum average were between 11.1-15.74 and 24.51-31.39 0C, respectively. The correlation coefficients between grain filling period and thermal factors did not follow a stable trend. Correlation between yield and days to heading, average of minimum and maximum of temperature from sowing to heading period were not constantly significant, while significant correlation between yield and thermal amplitude in pre-heading stage was detected. Moreover, not stable correlation were found between yield and other variables in reproductive phase. In this study, the relationship between the yield and the length of the spike emergence period to the physiological maturity did not follow a constant and stable trend. Therefore, it is suggested to evaluate in a separate study the relationship between yield, grain filling speed and grain filling period with environmental factors and other biotic and abiotic stresses.

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Identification of superior bread wheat genotypes using composite indices for cultivation in warm regions

Ali Reza Askari kalestani; Seyed Mahmoud Tabib Ghaffary; Hassan Zali; Mohsen Esmaeilzadeh Moghadam

Volume 47, Issue 4 , January 2025, , Pages 491-510

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46831.2163

Abstract

Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a socioeconomically important crop in Iran. Achieving genetic gain in quantitative traits through selection is essential for successful ... Read More Introduction Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a socioeconomically important crop in Iran. Achieving genetic gain in quantitative traits through selection is essential for successful breeding programs. Identification of high-yielding genotypes with high desirable growth traits is a primary objective in wheat breeding. This study aimed to identify superior bread wheat genotypes based on grain yield and morpho-phenological traits while comparing different selection indices, including the Selection Index of Ideal Genotype (SIIG), Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), and ideotype design using the Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (FAI-BLUP). Materials and Methods The study was conducted during the 2022-2023 cropping season to identify superior bread wheat genotypes for warm and dry conditions in southern Iran (Darab in Fars province and Safiabad-Dezful). The experiment followed an augment design with six incomplete blocks and three control varieties: Sarang, Mehrgan, and Barat. Traits measured included plant height (PLH), days to heading (DHE), days to maturity (DMA), thousand kernel weight (TKW), seed filling rate (SFR), seed filling period (SFP), and grain yield (YLD). Genetic parameters were estimated using the Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) method. Statistical analyses were subsequently computed using SAS and R software. Results and Discussion The likelihood ratio test (LRT) revealed that genotype effects were significant at the 1% probability level for PLH, DHE, DMA, SFR, SFP, and YLD (excluding TKW). Heritability estimates varied, with the highest heritability observed for PLH (0.879) and the lowest for SFR (0.124). These findings, supported by the heat map of traits, highlighted substantial genetic diversity among the wheat genotypes. Heritability estimates across traits ranged from 0.124 (SFP) to 0.879 (PLH). For the Darab region, the SIIG index was the most effective, while in Dezful and across both regions, the FAI-BLUP index outperformed the other indices. The FAI-BLUP index demonstrated superior performance in selecting genotypes with multiple desirable traits and exhibited significant correlations with a larger number of traits compared to the other indices. In Darab, the SIIG index identified G5, G36 and G42 as superior genotypes. In Dezful, the FAI-BLUP index identified G26, G30 and G37 as the best genotypes, and for the combined regions, G30, G35 and G36 genotypes were identified as superior genotypes using the FAI-BLUP index. Conclusion Overall, the FAI-BLUP index emerged as the most effective selection tool for identifying superior bread wheat genotypes under the conditions of this study. A two-dimensional analysis of selection indices and grain yield highlighted G50, G52, and G60 as promising genotypes for preliminary trials in Darab and Dezful regions.

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Author = Tabib Ghaffary, Seyed Mahmoud

Evaluation of grain yield and days to heading relationship in North of Khuzestan province

Abstract

Identification of superior bread wheat genotypes using composite indices for cultivation in warm regions

Abstract