Plant Productions

Effect of humic acid and seaweed extract application on some biochemical traits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under irrigation cut-off in two locations of Kermanshah province

Ghobad Mohamadpoor; Salim Farzaneh; Saeed khomari; Seyedeh Yalda Raeisi Sadati; Raouf Seyed Sharifi; Behrooz Esmaielpour; kianoosh Azarshab

Volume 48, Issue 1 , April 2025, , Pages 105-123

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46890.2168

Abstract

IntroductionQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly nutritious crop with a well-balanced amino acid profile, including lysine and tryptophan, making it a suitable alternative ... Read More IntroductionQuinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a highly nutritious crop with a well-balanced amino acid profile, including lysine and tryptophan, making it a suitable alternative to rice. Given its nutritional value, expanding quinoa cultivation is crucial. However, since Iran is located in an arid and semi-arid region with high evaporation rates exceeding annual rainfall, crops frequently experience drought stress, particularly at the end of the growing season. The application of natural fertilizers such as seaweed extract and humic acid may help mitigate the effects of drought stress.Materials and MethodsThis study aimed to assess the impact of irrigation cut-off on biochemical traits of quinoa in two contrasting climates: Qasr-e-Shirin (hot) and Dalaho (cold) in Kermanshah province. The experiment was conducted as a split-plot design within a randomized complete block design (RCBD) during the 2018-2018 cropping season. The main plots included three irrigation treatments (full irrigation, irrigation cut-off at the beginning of flowering, and irrigation cut-off at the beginning of seed formation). The sub-plots consisted of five foliar spray treatments: seaweed extract at two concentrations (2.5 g l-1 and 3.57 g l-1), humic acid at two concentrations (3.75 g l-1 and 5 g l-1), and a control treatment (pure water spray). The quinoa seed used in this study was the Titicaca variety. The first foliar spray was applied when the plant height was about 20 cm, and the second foliar spray was applied 10 days later. Irrigation of plants in the control and irrigation cut-off treatments was carried out after 50% of the usable soil moisture was drained before irrigation cut-off was applied. Results and DiscussionThe results showed that irrigation cut-off significantly reduced the concentration of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid), protein content, and relative water content in quinoa leaves compared to full irrigation. Under drought stress, proline accumulation, electrolyte leakage from cell membranes, and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) increased. The results showed that the application of seaweed extract and humic acid alleviated the negative effects of irrigation cut-off. The highest levels of chlorophyll a (1.760 mg g-1), chlorophyll b (0.989 mg g-1), carotenoid (0.291 mg g-1), protein content (1.40 mg g-1), and relative water content were observed with the foliar application of 3.75 g l-1 seaweed extract. The adverse effects of drought stress were more pronounced in Qasr-e-Shirin (hot climate), particularly when irrigation was interrupted at the flowering stage. ConclusionsThe results showed that the effects of foliar application of seaweed extract and humic acid in modulating drought stress were much greater in plants that faced irrigation interruption at the beginning of the flowering period. However, foliar application of seaweed extract reduced the negative effects of drought stress more than humic acid. Overall, these findings suggest that foliar application of seaweed extract and humic acid is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of irrigation cut-off on quinoa. Quinoa production efficiency in the temperate region of Dalahu was much better than in the Qasr-e-Shirin region..

Effect of biological stimuli on Some Biochemical Characteristics of Fennel Plant under Cadmium Stress

Seyedeh Yalda Raeisi Sadati; Fereshteh Raeisi Sadati; Mir Reza Raeisi Sadati

Volume 47, Issue 3 , November 2024, , Pages 355-372

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2024.46447.2152

Abstract

Introduction With the industrialization of societies in recent days, many toxic compounds have been released into the environment. Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is ... Read More Introduction With the industrialization of societies in recent days, many toxic compounds have been released into the environment. Environmental pollution caused by heavy metals is one of the most important global factors of soil pollution that threatens food security. Medicinal plants are important economic plants and their products are widely consumed in the world and Iran. Since cadmium is known as the main element in causing various cancers, especially digestive cancer, it is necessary and important to investigate the effects of this toxic metal on the quantitative and qualitative properties of fennel. Using nano fertilizers in soil and nutrients can be a suitable solution to reduce the adverse effects of this heavy metal. Materials and Methods This experiment was conducted in order to evaluate some biochemical characteristics of fennel plant and the possibility of mitigating the effects of cadmium heavy metal stress by foliar spraying of selenium nanoparticles, algae extract and their interaction in greenhouse conditions in a factorial manner based on a randomized complete block experimental design with three replications in 2023-2024 was implemented. The first factor included the heavy metal cadmium chloride at two levels (control and 20 mg/kg of soil) and the second factor is foliar application at three levels (control, algal extract, and selenium nanoparticle with concentrations of 2 mg/L and 20 mg/L). Results The findings showed that under cadmium stress, the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes, proline content and ion leakage percentage increased significantly, while the content of photosynthetic pigments decreased compared to the control. Also, the highest level of malondialdehyde concentration and activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes were observed in foliar spraying with algal extract under cadmium stress compared to the control. The synergistic effect of selenium nanoparticle and algal extract decreased ion leakage by 3.91% and increased proline and photosynthetic pigments by 16.73%, especially chlorophyll b by 33.11%. In other words, the adverse effects of cadmium stress have been reduced by strengthening the antioxidant and photosynthetic system of fennel plant by selenium nanoparticles and algae extract. Conclusions In general, foliar application of algal extract (concentration of 2 mg/L) due to the high content of macro and micro elements and antioxidant properties compared to selenium nanoparticles, has been able to inhibit free radicals by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and by reducing the electrolyte leakage, maintain the integrity of the membrane in the condition of cadmium stress.

The Effect of Ultraviolet-C radiation on Expression Pattern of some enzymes involved in the Programmed Cell Death of Bread Wheat

Zahra Shokrgozar; Sodabeh Jahanbakhsh Godehkahriz; seyedeh yalda Raeisi Sadati,

Volume 45, Issue 4 , February 2023, , Pages 589-601

https://doi.org/10.22055/ppd.2023.41508.2052

Abstract

Introduction Wheat is one of the plants that is important in terms of diet and business, and the global demand for it is increasing. One of the harmful and dangerous stresses is ultraviolet ... Read More Introduction Wheat is one of the plants that is important in terms of diet and business, and the global demand for it is increasing. One of the harmful and dangerous stresses is ultraviolet light, which affects the growth and production of plants and leads to the production of reactive oxygen species, which are very toxic. The present study was evaluated in order to investigate the effect of C type ultraviolet light on seedlings of three varieties of wheat in order to identify the systems involved in transmitting the defense message of this plant from biochemical and molecular aspects. Materials and Methods The experiment was carried out in a factorial manner based on a completely randomized design with three replications at Mohaghegh University of Ardabil. The investigated factors included the first factor of Control and treatment with ultraviolet light (type C with a wavelength of 254 nm) and the second factor of wheat cultivars (Sardari, Morvarid, and Gaspard). Type C ultraviolet light stress was applied at the stage of three-four leaves for 20 minutes and then sampling of the treated leaves at zero, 1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 18, 24 and 48 hours later. The treatment was done. Results and Discussion The results showed that the quantitative activity of peroxidases in Sardari and Gaspard cultivars was not significantly different in front of type C ultraviolet light, while in Morvarid cultivar, this enzyme increase had an upward trend from the very first hours. Also, the results of the qualitative examination of peroxidase enzymes against C type ultraviolet light showed the number of 5, 6 and 9 peroxidase isoenzymes in three of Sardari, Morvarid and Gaspard wheat cultivars. Qualitative analysis of catalase enzymes in Sardari and Gaspard cultivars identified 4 isoenzymes and 3 isoenzymes in Morvarid cultivar. On the other hand, in DNA electrophoresis, the effect of type C ultraviolet light on the DNA of three wheat cultivars showed that DNA breakage occurred in Sardari and Gaspard cultivars 48 hours after treatment compared to control samples and in Morvarid cultivar, from the first hours after treatment. Investigation the changes in expression of genes involved in metabolism such as hexokinase and plant defense such as PR1 in three wheat cultivars as a result of treatment with type C ultraviolet light shows that the expression changes of these two genes in Sardari and Gaspard cultivars follow almost the same pattern and 10 hours after From the treatment, they have shown a decrease in expression, but in Morvarid cultivar, the expression of HK and PR1 genes increased from the very first hours. Conclusion In general, the results show that the increase in the activity of peroxidase and catalase enzymes and changes in the expression of PR1 and HK genes in the path of transmission of ultraviolet light C type in three cultivars Sardari, Morvarid and Gaspard gives. DNA breakage along with other changes in wheat indicate the possibility of programmed cell death in wheat.

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Author = Raeisi Sadati,, seyedeh yalda

Effect of humic acid and seaweed extract application on some biochemical traits of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) under irrigation cut-off in two locations of Kermanshah province

Abstract

Effect of biological stimuli on Some Biochemical Characteristics of Fennel Plant under Cadmium Stress

Abstract

The Effect of Ultraviolet-C radiation on Expression Pattern of some enzymes involved in the Programmed Cell Death of Bread Wheat

Abstract